Neuro Flashcards
(39 cards)
Tics
a habitual spasmodic contraction of the muscles, most often in the face.
Dystonia
a state of abnormal muscle tone resulting in muscular spasm and abnormal posture, typically due to neurological disease or a side effect of drug therapy
Intention tremor
a trembling of a part of the body when attempting a precise movement, associated especially with disease of the cerebellum
myoclonus
spasmodic jerky contraction of groups of muscles
dystrophic gait
waddling gait, a gait characterized by exaggerated lateral trunk movements and hip elevations.
sensory ataxia
both a symptom and a sign in neurology. It is a form of ataxia (loss of coordination) caused not by cerebellar dysfunction but by loss of sensory input into the control of movement. (ataxia is the loss of full control of bodily movements)
asterixis
Asterixis (also called the flapping tremor, or liver flap) is a tremor of the hand when the wrist is extended, sometimes said to resemble a bird flapping its wings.
dyskinesia
abnormality or impairment of voluntary movement
chorea
a neurological disorder characterized by jerky involuntary movements affecting especially the shoulders, hips, and face
resting tremor
Resting tremor occurs when the muscle is relaxed, such as when the hands are resting on the lap. With this disorder, a person’s hands, arms, or legs may shake even when they are at rest. Often, the tremor only affects the hand or fingers.
oral-facial dyskinesias
Orofacial or tardive dyskinesias are involuntary repetitive movements of the mouth and face.
spastic hemiparesis
one half of the body is afflicted with weakness, but is not paralyzed.
steppage gait
Steppage gait (High stepping, Neuropathic gait) is a form of gait abnormality characterised by foot drop due to loss of dorsiflexion. The foot hangs with the toes pointing down, causing the toes to scrape the ground while walking, requiring someone to lift the leg higher than normal when walking.
antalgic gait
An antalgic gait is a gait that develops as a way to avoid pain while walking (antalgic = anti- + alge, “against pain”). It is a form of gait abnormality where the stance phase of gait is abnormally shortened relative to the swing phase. It can be a good indication of pain with weight-bearing.
apraxia
inability to perform particular purposive actions, as a result of brain damage.
kamosfsky score
allows patients to be classified as to their functional impairment. This can be used to compare effectiveness of different therapies and to assess the prognosis in individual patients. The lower the Karnofsky score, the worse the survival for most serious illnesses.
horner’s sign
Horner syndrome is a combination of signs and symptoms caused by the disruption of a nerve pathway from the brain to the face and eye on one side of the body. Typically, Horner syndrome results in a decreased pupil size, a drooping eyelid and decreased sweating on the affected side of your face.
postural tremor
Postural tremor occurs when a person maintains a position against gravity, such as holding the arms outstretched. Kinetic tremor is associated with any voluntary movement, such as moving the wrists up and down or closing and opening the eyes
fasciculation
a brief, spontaneous contraction affecting a small number of muscle fibers, often causing a flicker of movement under the skin. It can be a symptom of disease of the motor neurons.
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spastic diplegia
Spastic diplegia, historically known as Little’s Disease, is a form of cerebral palsy (CP) that is a chronic neuromuscular condition of hypertonia and spasticity—manifested as an especially high and constant “tightness” or “stiffness”—in the muscles of the lower extremities of the human body, usually those of the legs, …
cerebellar ataxia
Acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) is a disorder that occurs when the cerebellum becomes inflamed or damaged. The cerebellum is the area of the brain responsible for controlling gait and muscle coordination. The term ataxia refers to a lack of fine control of voluntary movements.
hemiballismus
Ballismus or ballism (called hemiballismus or hemiballism in its unilateral form) is a very rare movement disorder. It is a type of chorea caused in most cases by a decrease in activity of the subthalamic nucleus of the basal ganglia, resulting in the appearance of flailing, ballistic, undesired movements of the limbs.
athetosis
a condition in which abnormal muscle contractions cause involuntary writhing movements. It affects some people with cerebral palsy, impairing speech and use of the hands.
aphasia-broca
issues with producing coherent speech (non fluent aphasia)
