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Role 2 > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Thunderclap headache

A

subarachnoid bleed, especially post partum

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2
Q

Headache associated with pregnancy

A

Pre-eclampsia. Protein in urine can verify this

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3
Q

Headache associated with HTN, sweats, and heart palpitations

A

Pheochromocytoma

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4
Q

Headaches associated with cough diagnoses is made when?

A

headache is brought on and occurs only in association with coughing, straining or a Valsalva manoeuvre and in the absence of any abnormalities on neuro-imaging.

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5
Q

symptomatic cough headache diagnoses is made when?

A

underlying pathology is identified

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6
Q

Cluster headaches are more common in which people?

A

men

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7
Q

Cluster headache symptoms, when do they occur, for how long

A

Wakes patient up at night. Lasts between 15 minutes and 3 hours. Patients usually agitated, No family history of migraines. Will resolve spontaneously, then reoccur. Several episodes per year.

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8
Q

migraines are associated with which symptoms

A

photophobia, phonophobia, blurring of vision, cognitive impairment, nausea, vomiting

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9
Q

migraine treatment

A

NSAIDs, Ibuprofen, ASA, triptans, ergotamine/Caffeine (Cafergot)

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10
Q

cluster headache treatment

A

Prednisone 60 mg for 5 days.Ergotamine and Imitrex not usually effective

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11
Q

Triptans should be avoided in which kinds of patients?

A

pregnancy, Ischemic disease, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease or vascular disease.

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12
Q

Zomigdose

A

5 mgm at onset, may repeat in 2 hours.

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13
Q

ergotamine/Caffeine (Cafergot) dose

A

1 mg with 100 mg caffeine

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14
Q

Headache due to Intracranial Mass Lesions symptoms

A

New onset headache in middle age or later in life, Night sweats, Weight loss, Visual defecits: esotropia, exotropia, Neurological deficits, Papillar edema, Seizure like tremoring or grand mall

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15
Q

medication overuse (withdrawal headache) treatment

A

Cafergot

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16
Q

most common causes of head injuries in young people are

A

falls

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17
Q

primary interventions for concussion

A

Cognitive and physical rest

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18
Q

Zofran is given to help with nausea in concussion patients, what are the side effects of zofran

A

headaches, drowsiness, and dizziness that may exacerbate other symptoms of concussion. Thus, caregivers should be instructed to stop ondansetron if it makes their child feel worse

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19
Q

concussion patients may have sleep disturbances, what do we do for them?

A

educate on good sleep habits, can give melatonin

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20
Q

which patients are at risk for prolonged recovery of concussions?

A

history of prior concussions, female sex, history of migraines, history of learning disabilities, recurrent concussion soon after recovery, or degree of symptoms after a concussion

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21
Q

Second impact syndrome

A

death or devastating neurological injury attributable to massive swelling of the brain in athletes who sustain a second head injury prior to full recovery from a concussion

22
Q

Concussion danger symptoms in adults that could signify a blood clot in brain that formed after concussion

A

Headache that gets worse and does not go away, Weakness, numbness or decreased coordination, Repeated vomiting or nausea, Slurred speech.

23
Q

Which patients with mild TBI should have a noncontrast head CT scan in the ED?

A 
Level A: Loss of consciousness or posttraumatic amnesia and one or more of the following:
• Headache
• Vomiting
• Age > 60 years old
• Drug or alcohol intoxication
• Deficits in short-term memory
• Physical evidence of trauma above the clavicle
• Posttraumatic seizure
• GCS score < 15
• Focal neurologic deficit
• Coagulopathy
24
Q

First line therapy for sleep disturbance

other than melatonin

A

Trazadone 25-50mg

25
Q

Treatment for Post Concussion Syndrome

A

Amitryptilline 10-25mg, increase to 50 mgm weekly as necessary. Must have baseline EKG in adults due to possibility of conductive disturbances.

26
Q

glasco scoring for TBI range and what does it look at?

A

3-15, eye movement, motor response, verbal response, the lower the score the worse off they are

27
Q

if patient has a glasco score of 8 after 6 hours what is the likelihood of them dying?

A

50%

28
Q

Do older individuals with vasovagal syncope experience a prodrome?

A

no

29
Q

carotid sinus syncope is caused by

A

neck movements

30
Q

A vagal “surge” immediately upon swallowing can cause

A

bradycardia and hypotension in predisposed patients

31
Q

Exertional syncopecan be caused by?

A

ventricular tachycardia and obstruction from aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypotension from vagally-mediated vasodepression in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

32
Q

If exertional syncope has occurred and there is no other reason for it, what is the diagnoses?

A

neurocardiogenic syncope

33
Q

why is it important to do an EKG with syncope patients?

A

restore of consciousness is usually quick but even an arrhythmia can still be present with
neurocardiogenic syncope

34
Q

syncope without a prodrome is more common in which patients?

A

cardiac syncope

35
Q

Hyperventilation can be seen with

A

pulmonary embolism or psychiatric causes of syncope

36
Q

In-hospital monitoring is recommended in syncope patients with

A

structural heart disease

37
Q

Iatrogenic syncope

A

syncope caused by medications

38
Q

preferred treatment for syncope due to Supraventricular arrhythmias

A

radiofrequency ablation

39
Q

Documented, suspected, or induced ventricular tachycardiasyncope should be treatment with what?

A

an ICD

40
Q

typical vertigo symptoms

A

n/v

41
Q

is vertigo a diagnoses?

A

no its a symptom

42
Q

Tilt illusion

A

patients feel that they and their environment are tilted with respect to gravity, feels like they are upside down

43
Q

patients experiencing Tilt illusion have damage to what?

A

otolithic organs

44
Q

Drop attacks

A

feeling like you’re being pushed or pulled to ground

45
Q

drop attacks are seen with which disorder?

A

Meniere disease.

46
Q

Spatial disorientation

A

A fleeting spatial disorientation with rapid head turns

47
Q

Oscillopsia

A

a visual illusion of to-and-fro environmental motion

48
Q

Impaired balance without vertigois a sign of what

A

acute simultaneous bilateral vestibular loss

49
Q

Aminoglycoside toxicity is the most common identified etiology of

A

bilateral vestibulopathy

50
Q

bilateral vestibulopathy is a key feature in which problems?

A

CANVAS (cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome

Role 2 (13 decks)

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