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3rd Year - Neurology > Neuro Anatomy 4 - Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Neuro Anatomy 4 - Cranial Nerves Flashcards

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1
Q

Which aspect of the brain are the cranial nerves visible on?

A

Ventral aspect

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2
Q

Which of the cranial nerves are sensory alone?

A

Olfactory (CN I)
Optic (CN II)
Vestibukocochlear (CN VIII)

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3
Q

Which of the cranial nerves are motor alone?

A 
Oculomotor (CN III)
Trochlear (CN IV)
Abducens (CN VI)
Spinal Accessory (CN XI)
Hypoglossal (CN XII)
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4
Q

Which cranial nerves are mixed?

A

Trigeminal (CN V)
Facial (CN VII)
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
Vagus (CN X)

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5
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve (CN I) enter the CNS?

A

Many tiny nerves which hang off the olfactory bulb

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6
Q

Where does the optic nerve (CN II) enter the CNS?

A

At the optic chiasm

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7
Q

Where does the oculomotor nerve (CN III) originate?

A

Anterior aspect of the midbrain

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8
Q

Where does the trochlear nerve (CN IV) originate?

A

Posterior aspect of the midbrain

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9
Q

Name of the nerve that can be seen as a large root at the lateral aspect of the pons?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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10
Q

Which 3 cranial nerves emerge from the pontomedullary junction from medial to lateral?

A

Abducens (CN VI), Facial (CN VII), vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

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11
Q

Which 3 cranial nerves emerge from the lateral aspect of the medulla from anterior to posterior?

A

Glossopharngeal (CN IX)
Vagus (CN X)
Spinal Accessory (CN XI)

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12
Q

Which cranial nerve emerges from the medial aspect of the medulla?

A

CN XII (hypoglossal)

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13
Q

What direction do all the cranial nerves exit from the brain?
what are the 2 exceptions to this rule?

A

Anteriorly
CN IV = posteriorly
CN VIII = laterally

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14
Q

What are cranial nerve nuclei?

A

Places were the CNs synapse before moving out/ coming into deeper parts of the brain

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15
Q

What are the names of the groups of efferent nerve cells that send their axons into cranial nerves?

A

Motor nuclei

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16
Q

What are the names for the groups of nerve cells upon which the sensory neurones of the cranial nerves synapse?

A

Sensory nuclei

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17
Q

Where are the soma of the sensory nerve cells of cranial nerves found?

A

In ganglia outside of the CNS

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18
Q

What is the only sensory modality that does not synapse in the thalamus prior to reaching the cortex?

A

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

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19
Q

What is the cranial nerve nuclei name for the olfactory nerve?

A

Olfactory bulb

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20
Q

Where is the primary olfactory area in the brain located?

A

Medial aspect of the temporal lobe

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21
Q

What do the olfactory nerves pass through before synapsing with the olfactory bulb?

A

Cribriform plate

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22
Q

What do action potentials pass along between the olfactory bulb and primary olfactory area?

A

Olfactory tract

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23
Q

In the brainstem, how are the sensory and motor regions situated in comparison with each other?

A

Motor regions = medial

Sensory regions = lateral

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24
Q

What is the name for the small swellings in the roof of the midbrain involved in vision and hearing?

A

Colliculus

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25
what part of the brainstem is the nucleus for CN III located?
Upper Midbrain
26
What part of the brainstem is the nucleus for CN IV located?
Lower Midbrain
27
What part of the brainstem is the nucleus for CN VI located?
Mid Pons
28
What part of the brainstem is the nucleus for CN XII located?
Lower pons to medulla
29
What are the name of the nuclei for the oculomotor nerve (CN III)? What nerve modality leaves from each?
``` Edinger-Westphal nucleus (parasympathetic to spincter pupillae) Oculomotor nucelus (somatic motor to levator p.s., ST, MR, IR, IO) ```
30
What is the name of the nuclei for the trochlear nerve (CN IV)? Which nerve modality leaves from it?
Trochlear nucleus | Somatic motor to superior oblique
31
What is the name of the nucleus for the abducens nerve (CN VI)? Which nerve modality leaves from it?
Abducens nucelus | Somatic motor
32
What is the name of the nucleus for the hypoglossal nerve (CN VII)? Which nerve modality leaves from it?
Hypoglossal nucleus | Somatic motor to geniog., hyog., stylog., intrinsic muscles of the tongue
33
Where are the nuclei for the spinal accessory nerve located?
Medulla | Cervical spinal cord
34
What are the name of the nuclei for the spinal accessory nerve?
``` Spinal accessory nucleus (from cervical spinal cord) Nucleus ambigus (from medulla) ```
35
Functions of CN V (trigeminal nerve)?
Somatosensation of the face Proprioception associated with chewing Motor controls to muscles of mastication, tensor tympani, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor veli palatini
36
What are the 3 sensory trigeminal nuclei?
Mesencephalic nucleus Pontine trigmeninal nucleus (principle nucleus) Spinal nucleus
37
What signals are carried to the mesencephalic nucleus?
Proprioception info from chewing
38
What signals are carried to the pontine trigeminal nucleus?
Discriminative touch, vibration
39
What signals are carried to the spinal nucleus?
Pain, temp
40
Which is it important that the mesencephalic nucleus is very close to the motor nucleus?
Jaw reflexes- proprioceptive information from teeth and jaw arrive at the mesencephalic nucleus - prevents you biting tongue for example
41
Where are sensory nuclei for the trigeminal nerve located?
Stretches as one continues nucleus from the midbrain down to the upper 2 segments of the cervical spinal cord
42
What is the name of the tract which carries information from the trigeminal sensory nuclei to the cortex?
Ventral trigeminothalamic tract
43
Do the fibres of the ventral trigeminothalamic tract cross the midline? What does this mean?
Most do but some don't = bilateral representation of touch, vibration in cortex
44
What are the 3 functions of the facial nerve (CN VII)?
Motor to muscles of facial expression, strapedius Parasympathetic innvervation to pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue (via C. tympani)
45
What are the 4 functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)?
Tactile sense, pain and temperature sense from the posterior tongue, pharyngotympanic tube and upper pharynx Taste (posterior 1/3 of tongue) Parasympathetic fibres to the otic ganglion (parotid gland) Motor (stylopharyngeus)
46
4 functions of the vagus nerve (CN X)?
Tactile sense, pain and temperature sense from the pharynx, trachea, oesophagus and thoracic and abdominal viscera Taste (epiglottis) Parasympathetic innervation to ganglia serving thoracic and abdominal viscera Motor (striated muscle of the pharynx and larynx) (cranial accessory contributes to this function)
47
What are the 4 nuclei for the facial nerve?
Facial motor nucleus Salivatory nucleus Solitary nucleus Spinal nucleus
48
Where are the nuclei associated with the facial nerve located?
Caudal pons
49
What information travels from the facial motor nucleus?
Motor to muscles of facial expression
50
What information travels from the salivary nucleus?
Parasymapthetic innervation to the submandibular and pterygopalatine ganglion
51
What information is transmitted to the solitary nucleus?
Taste from the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
52
What information is transmitted to the spinal trigeminal nucleus?
Small region of somatosensation associated with the ear
53
What are the 4 nuclei associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Solitary nucleus Spinal nucleus Nucleus ambiguus Inferior salivatory nucelus
54
Where are the nuclei associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve located?
upper medulla
55
What information does the solitary nucleus collect?
Taste
56
What information does the spinal trigeminal nucleus collect?
Small region of somatosensation associated with the ear
57
What information is transmitted from the inferior salutatory nucleus?
Parasympathetic to the parotid gland
58
What information is transmitted from the nucleus ambiguus?
Motor
59
What are the 4 nuclei associated with the vagus nerve?
Dorsal (Motor) nucleus Solitary nucleus Spinal trigeminal nucleus Nucleus ambiguus
60
Where are the 4 nuclei associated with the vagus nerve located?
Upper medulla
61
In relation to the vagus nerve, what information is transmitted to the spinal trigmeninal nucleus?
Pain from dura and small region of somatosensation associated with the ear
62
Which cranial nerves share the solitary nucleus?
CNs VII, IX, C
63
What information do the cranial nerves transmit to the solitary nucleus?
Taste and visceral sensory information
64
What cranial nerves share the superior and inferior salivary nuclei?
CNs VII, IX
65
What information is transmitted to the cranial nerves to the superior and inferior salivary nuclei?
Parasympathetic efferents to ganglia of salivary glands and pterygopalatine ganglion
66
What cranial nerves share the nucleus ambiguus?
CNs IX and X (and cranial part of XI)
67
What information are transmitted from the nucleus ambiguus?
Motor efferents to muscles of pharynx, larynx and upper oesophagus
68
What are the 2 parts of the solitary nucleus? | What kind of signal does each receive?
``` Gustatory nucleus (taste) Commissural nucleus (visceral afferents) ```
69
Where is the solitary nucleus located?
Extends in a V shape from upper to lower medulla
70
Name for the part of the pyramidal tract that is motor to cranial nerves?
Corticobulbar tract
71
What cranial nerves does the corticobulbar tract contain fibres for?
CNs V, VII, X, XII
72
Which cranial nerves contain parasympathetic efferents?
CN III, VII, IX, X
73
What structure is the main influence of input to the CNs containing parasympathetic efferents?
Hypothalamus
74
What is the reticular formation?
A network of loosely aggregated cells with cell bodies, axons and dendrites intermingling in the central core of the brainstem

3rd Year - Neurology (17 decks)

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