Neuro basics Flashcards
what is found in the diencephalon?
thalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus and subthalmus and basal ganglia
What is the basal ganglia?
contains caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen, claustrum and amygdala
In CNS a bundle of axons is called?
In PNS a bundle of axons is called?
- A tract
2. A nerve
Do cervical nerves exit over or below there corresponding numbered vertebrae?
over
Do thoracic nerves and lower exit over or below there corresponding numbered vertebrae?
below (C8 is found between C7 and T1)
Spinal cord ends at what level?
L1/2
What nerves form the caudal equina?
L2-S5
What does the brain stem contain?
Midbrain, pons, medula
(pons lies squashed against the clivus, it is here where the brain can sometimes go through the foramen magnum due to pressure difference)
What is the major connection between the two cerebral hemispheres?
Corpus callous
2 main arteries which supply brain
internal carotid- divides to form anterior and middle cerebral arteries
Vertebral artery- becomes basilar artery (at level of pons) and then becomes Posterior cerebral artery /Users/roisinlaverty/Desktop/Screen Shot 2016-10-06 at 12.20.36.png
obstruction of the right internal carotid artery would cause weakness and loss of sensation where?
Left side of body
obstruction of the vertebral artery would cause what?
visual loss and dizziness (as it affects circulation to the visual area of the cerebrum, brain stem and cerebellum
What area of cerebrum does MCA supply?
lateral surface of cerebrum
What area of cerebrum does ACA supply?
entire middle area of the cerebrum hemisphere
What area of cerebrum does PCA supply?
supplies cerebellum
Look at homunculus. What part of body is affected if: 1. ACA is blocked? 2. MCA is blocked? 3. PCA is blocked?
- loses strength and sensation in lower part of body
2. loses strength and sensation in upper part of body
Arteries which supply the cerebellum?
SAP superior cerebellar a Anterior inferior cerebellar a posterior inferior cerebellar a (these also supply areas of the brain stem)
Where does 3rd cranial nerve exist with regards to circle of willis?
between the Posterior cerebral artery and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery
What separates brain from cranial bone?
PAD (inside out)
Pia, (subarachnoid) arachnoid and dura
AKA meninges
dura dips down in between cerebrum hemispheres to form?
dura dips down between the cerebrum and the cerebellum to form?
the falx cerebelli
tentorium cerebelli
Where do the veins from the brain drain?
internal jugular vein
what sinus can be involved in ear infection?
transverse sinus
what secretes CSF?
Choroid plexus
Flow of CSF starting at the two lateral ventricles?
- Lateral ventricles (through interventricular foramina)
- Third ventricle (through aqueduct of sylvius)
- Fourth ventricle
- Goes outside brainstem and into subarachnoid space
- goes to superior sagittal sinus
