NEURO Chapter 2

Question 1

Glutamate

Answer 1

Excitatory neurotransmission
Modulation of synaptic plasticity
Activation of second-messenger systems

Question 2

GABA

Answer 2

Inhibitory neurotransmission

Question 3

Acetylcholine

Answer 3

Muscle contraction
Autonomic functions
Parasympathetic functions
Neuromodulation

Question 4

Norepinephrine

Answer 4

Sympathetic Functions

Neuromodulation

Question 5

Dopamine

Answer 5

Neuromodulation

Question 6

Serotonin

Answer 6

Neuromodulation

Question 7

Histamine

Answer 7

Mainly excitatory neuromodulation

Question 8

Glycine

Answer 8

Inhibitory neurotransmission

Question 9

Peptides

Answer 9

Nueromodulation

Question 10

Primary somatosensory cortex
Location:
Function:

Answer 10

postcentral gyrus

touch

Question 11

Primary motor cortex
Location:
Function:

Answer 11

precentral gyrus

voluntary movement

Question 12

Tertiary somatosensory cortex, posterior parietal association area
Location:
Function:

Answer 12

superior parietal lobe

stereognosis

Question 13

Supplementary motor cortex, supplementary eye field, pre-motor cortex, frontal eye field
Location:
Function:

Answer 13

precentral gyrus + rostral adjacent cortex

limb and eye planning

Question 14

Posterior parietal association area
Location:
Function:

Answer 14

superior parietal lobule

visuomotor, perception

Question 15

Frontal eye fields
Location:
Function:

Answer 15

superior/middle frontal gyri, medial frontal lobe

saccadic eye movements

Question 16

Prefrontal association cortex, frontal eye fields
Location:
Function:

Answer 16

superior/middle frontal gyri, medial frontal lobe

thought, cognition, movement planning

Question 17

Primary visual cortex
Location:
Function:

Answer 17

Banks of calcarine fissure

vision

Question 18

Secondary visual cortex
Location:
Function:

Answer 18

medial and lateral occipital gyri

vision, depth

Question 19

Tertiary visual cortex
Location:
Function:

Answer 19

Medial and lateral occipital gyri

vision, color, motion, depth

Question 20

Visual inferotemporal area
Location:
Function:

Answer 20

inferior and middle temporal gyrus

Forms vision

Question 21

Higher order auditory cortex
Location:
Function:

Answer 21

superior temporal gyrus

hearing/speech

Question 22

Limbic association cortex
Location:
Function:

Answer 22

cingulate gyrus, subcallosal area, retrospinal area, parahippocampal gyrus
emotions

Question 23

Primary olfactory cortex, limbic association cortex
Location:
Function:

Answer 23

parahippocampal gyrus, temporal pole

smell, emotions

Question 24

Parietal-temporal-occipital association cortex, middle temporal visual area
Location:
Function:

Answer 24

Middle and inferior temporal gyri at junction of temporal and occipital lobes
Perception, vision, reading, speech

Question 25

Primary and secondary auditory cortex Location: Function:

Answer 25

Heschl's gyri and superior temporal gyrus | Hearing

Question 26

Gustatory cortex Location: Function:

Answer 26

insular cortex, frontoparietal operculum | taste

Question 27

Broca's area, lateral premotor cortex Location: Function:

Answer 27

Inferior frontal gyrus, frontal operculum | speech/movement planning

Question 28

Prefrontal association cortex Location: Function:

Answer 28

Inferior/Middle frontal gyrus, frontal operculum | thought, cognition, planning behavior, eye movement

Question 29

Cell layer of neocortex I Name Alternative Name Main Connections

Answer 29

Molecular layer - Dendrites and axons from other layers

Question 30

Cell layer of neocortex II Name Alternative Name Main Connections

Answer 30

Small pyramidal layer external granular layer cortical-cortical connections

Question 31

Cell layer of neocortex III Name Alternative Name Main Connections

Answer 31

Medium pyramidal layer external pyramidal layer cortical-cortical connections

Question 32

Cell layer of neocortex IV Name Alternative Name Main Connections

Answer 32

Grnaular layer Internal granular layer Receives input from thalamus

Question 33

Cell layer of neocortex V Name Alternative Name Main Connections

Answer 33

Large pyramidal layer internal pyramidal layer sends outputs to subcortical structures

Question 34

Cell layer of neocortex VI Name Alternative Name Main Connections

Answer 34

Polymorphic layer Multiform layer sends outputs to thalamus

Question 35

CN I

Answer 35

olfactory

Question 36

CN II

Answer 36

optic - vision

Question 37

CN III

Answer 37

oculomotor - extraocular muscles, parasympathetics for pupil constriction (close vision)

Question 38

CN IV

Answer 38

Trochlear - superior oblique muscle to move eye downward and inward

Question 39

CN V

Answer 39

trigeminal - sensation for face, muscles of mastication

Question 40

CN VI

Answer 40

abducens - lateral rectus muscle, abduction of eye

Question 41

CN VII

Answer 41

facial - muscles of facial expresion, stapedius muscle, anterior 2/3 of tongue, lacrimation, submandibular and sublingual salivation

Question 42

CN VIII

Answer 42

vestibulocochlear - eharing

Question 43

CN IX

Answer 43

glossopharyngeal - posterior 1/3 of tongue, chemo/baroreceptors of carotids, parasympathetics to parotid gland

Question 44

CN X

Answer 44

vagus - pharyngeal muscles (swallowing) laryngeal muscles (voicebox), parasympathetics to heart, lungs, GI, aortic arch chemo/baroreceptors

Question 45

CN XI

Answer 45

spinal accessory - SCM, trapezius

Question 46

CN XII

Answer 46

hypoglossal, muscles of tongue