Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuromus 1 > neuro comps 1 > Flashcards

neuro comps 1 Flashcards

(80 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what are the two components of mental status: basic

A

level of consciousness

and

orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

level of consciousness - how do we test

A

able to follow commands such
as
1) eye movements/responses
2) motor responses
3) verbal responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

level of consciousness - outcome measure used

A

glasgow coma scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

orientation - what to ask

A

Ask for patient’s
1) full name, age, birthplace

2) where they are now, type of
place, city they are in

3) the date, day of week, what
time it is, season
note the response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the common outcome measure for orientation

A

MOCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the purpose of the MOCA

A

rapid screening instrument for mild cognitive dysfunction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mental status: complex includes

A

language
memory
visuospatial functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lang is assessing what types

A

receptive and
expressive language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

receptive lang

A

the paitient is asked to follow commands to see if they understand what they have just read or heard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

expressive lang

A

pt asked to perform at task that requires spontaneous speech of writing, naming an object, or repeating phrases,

looking at the fluency and correct use of words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what outcome measure is used to look at lang

A

MOCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

receptive aphasia

A

world salad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Expressive aphasia

A

a condition where a person may understand speech, but they have difficulty speaking fluently themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Global aphasia

A

People with global aphasia may only say a few words, such as “no” or “hey” or “what”, or they may speak in “stereotypies”. Stereotypies are words or phrases that are said over and over with different intonation. Examples may be “ding da ding”, “I love you” or “something wonderful”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how do we assess memory - immediate recall (STM)

A

repeat these three words

temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do we assess memory - LTM

A

spell WORLD backwards
count back from 100’s using 7

frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what outcome measure do we use for memory

A

MoCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

visuospatial function - test

A

bisect a line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what causes visuospatial dysfunction

A

damage to the right (parietal
lobe) hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is Hemineglect

A

(unilateral)
inattention to one side that is
not due to a primary sensory
or motor impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are we looking at with meta cognition

A

executive functioning
self awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is taken over by meta cognition

A

-Inability to divide attention

-Inability to generalize

-Decreased safety awareness
and judgment

-Poor insight to condition

-Problem-solving deficits

-Impaired executive function:

  • inability to:
    -prioritize or select a behavior
    that is appropriate to the
    situation.
  • inhibit inappropriate behaviors
  • to maintain focus to a task
    despite distractions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

I- Olfactory

A

Each nostril separately

 Have the patient report if they can smell a non-
noxious odorants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Anosmia-

A

loss of the sense
of smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
II-Optic - 4 tests
Visual acuity visual fields pupillary light reflex accommodation (convergence)
26
Visual acuity
ability to discern letters or numbers at a given distance according to a fixed standard.
27
visual fields
Normal VF for each eye extends out from the patient in all directions
28
field cut
specific regions where patient lost ability to see
29
pupillary light reflex
bring penlight from the side of the patient’s head into the eye  both eyes should constrict *direct light reflex and indirect (consensual) reflex
30
what is accommodation (convergence)
Comes into play when there is a need to view an object at near distances without double vision Automatic response to adjust the position of the eye so that the image falls on the fovea of both eyes and to adjust the lens to maintain sharp focus at near distance
31
accommodation (convergence)
Tested by asking the patient to focus both eyes on a target ( ~ 14-point font size)  Patient focuses on the target at arm’s length and slowly brings it to the tip of their nose  Patient is instructed to stop moving the target when they see 2 distinct images or when the examiner observes outward deviation of one eye.
32
action of III
up, down, up and in
33
action of Trochlear Nerve
down and out
34
action of Abducens Nerve (CN VI)
moves eye laterally, out
35
Cranial Nerve III Oculomotor extras
involved with pupillary light reflex, near point convergence-NPC and elevation of the eye lid
36
Oculomotor, tochlear, abducens
Conjugate movement - H test
37
what are Smooth Pursuits
ability to follow an object across full range of vertical and horizontal eye movements
38
what are Saccades
are eye movements used to rapidly refixate from one object to another
39
what are Nystagmus
quick jumping eye movement
40
Saccade intrusion
eyes jumping to track the object
41
Cranial Nerve V Trigeminal - sensory component
Facial Sensation--face, head, cornea, mucosa of nose, mouth, hard and soft palate, and tongue
42
Cranial Nerve V Trigeminal - motor component
muscles of mastication
43
VII-Facial - motor
Show Teeth superior levator Smile buccinatior Eyes Closed Tight orbicularis, frontal belly Elevating Eyebrows epicranius Contract Platysma platysma *Note efferent limb for the Corneal reflex
44
VII-facial - sensory
Taste Anterior 2/3 of the tongue
45
issues with facial nerve
bell's palsy
46
Horizontal and Vertical VOR- VIII Vestibulocochlear
A target ( of 14 point font size) is held in front of the patient in midline at a distance of ~3’)  Patient rotate head horizontally and maintains focus on the target (stable) at a quick speed ( metronome set at 180 beats/minute).  Patient rotate head vertically and maintains focus on the target (stable) at a quick speed ( metronome set at 180 beats/minute).
47
Glossopharyngeal does what
taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue
48
Dysphagia-
difficulty in swallowing
49
how to test gloss and vagus
Observe the movement of the uvula* and soft palate with phonation and elicitation of the pharyngeal reflex  Say AH
50
test Spinal Accessory
Trapezius SCM
51
Cranial Nerve XII Hypoglossal
Motor to tongue
52
Sensory - light touch
Use cotton wisp Apply gentle touch (don’t drag the stimulus) Eyes are closed and the patient reports YES, every time he perceives the stimulus
53
Sensory - pain and temp
testing the anterolateral spinothalamic system Use cold reflex hammer handle Ask the patient if he perceives the handle as cold
54
sensory - JPS is testing what
DCML system
55
testing JPS
Eyes closed (EC) Hold the digit lightly by the sides while moving the patient’s finger or toes up or down. Ask the patient to report after each movement the direction of the movement
56
Kinesthesia testing
Patient describes the direction of limb movement while in motion
57
Vibration
Vibration Apply stimulus (128 Hz vibration fork) over the distal phalanx of the index finger or great toe Ask the patient to report whether they feel the vibration sense and then to report when it stops. testing the DCML
58
what is Combined Cortical sensation EX: Stereognosis
test for lesions of the sensory cortex
59
how to testCombined Cortical sensation
Eyes closed Place an item such as a coin, key, paper clip in the hand of the patient. The patient is to manipulate the stimulus and identify the item
60
Muscle mass-
Inspect bulk, girth
61
Passive movement
Assess soft tissue limitations and tone* Goniometry
62
*Tone
Ask to patient to relax. Move each limb at several joints to get a feel for any resistance or stiffness that may be present
63
what is Spasticity
a condition in which there is an abnormal increase in muscle tone or stiffness of muscle, which might interfere with movement as a “catch” or a very stiff limb that cannot be moved passively
64
Spasticity is a manifestation of what
an UMN issue
65
Rigidity
“lead pipe or cogwheel” resistance to passive movement and is seen with disorders such as Parkinson’s disease
66
hypotonia is seen with what issue
LMN issue
67
tests for coordination
Finger to nose Heel to shin Rapid alternating Movement: Supination/pronation Toe/finger tapping
68
what is Dysmetria-
inability to judge distance or range of movement
69
test for Dysmetria-
finger to nose shin and heel
70
hypometria
underreaching an object during voluntary motor activity
71
hypermetria
overreaching an object during voluntary motor activity
72
Dysdiadochokinesis
difficulty with reversal of movements
73
Dysdiadochokinesis test
Rapid alternating Movement: Supination/pronation Toe/finger tapping
74
Ataxia-
uncoordinated movement
75
Ataxia- test
watch someone move
76
Static Standing balance two tests
Sensory Organization (orientation)/ CNS Integration and Reactive postural control
77
Sensory Organization (orientation)/ CNS Integration
Ask the patient to maintain standing with EO/ EC on floor and EO/EC on foam looking at the ablity to use sensory input
78
Reactive postural control
Ask the patient to maintain a posture or steady oneself with perturbation
79
how to assess Dynamic standing Balance
Voluntary (selfgenerated) postural control
80
Voluntary (selfgenerated) postural control
Ask the patient to while standing to perform a voluntary activity

Neuromus 1 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions