Neuro/developmental

Question 1

When should a term infant who is breast feeding regain weight?
Formula feeding?

Answer 1

Breast- 2 wks

Formula- 10 days

Question 2

How much weight is a child excepted to gain in the first 3 months?

Length?

Answer 2

20-30 g/day or 1kg/mo

1.5-2.5 cm/mo for first 6 mo then 1 cm/mo for second 6 mo

Question 3

When does child double bw? Triple?

Answer 3

Doubles by 5th month

Triples by 1st birthday

Question 4

Genetic short stature

Answer 4

Normal in first few mo then growth percentiles decline in first 2-3 yrs

Question 5

Signs of FTT

Answer 5

Subcutaneous fat loss
Muscle atrophy
Alopecia
Lagging behind norms
Lethargy

Kwashiorkor/marasmus
Infection
Dermatitis

Question 6

2 mo

Answer 6

Head up prone

Social smile

Question 7

4 mo

Answer 7

Rolls over
Laughs and squeals
Regards hand

Question 8

6 mo

Answer 8

Sits well unsupported
Babbles
Rolls prone to supine

Question 9

9 mo

Answer 9

Pincer grasp-immature
Crawls
Mama/dada or bye bye

Question 10

12 mo

Answer 10

Walks with one hand held
Knows 1-3 words
Follows one step command with gesture

Question 11

2 yrs

Answer 11

Walks up and down stairs
Runs
Kicks ball
2-3 word phrases
Pronouns

Question 12

3 yrs

Answer 12

Copies a circle
Pedals a tricycle
Plays simple games

Question 13

6 yrs

Answer 13

Draws a person with 6 parts

Ids left vs right

Question 14

4 yrs

Answer 14

Hops on 1 foot
Tells. Story
Throws overhand
Can ID 4 body parts

Question 15

5 yo

Answer 15

Copies triangle
Catches ball
Partially dresses self
Writes name

Question 16

Moro reflex

Answer 16

Birth to 5-6 mo

Allow head to fall back and response should be symmetric extensions, addiction and then flexion of limbs

Question 17

Startle reflex

Answer 17

Birth to 5-6 mo

Question 18

Galant reflex

Answer 18

Birth to 2-6 mo

Stroke parameter real region of back and pelvis will move towards stimulated side

Question 19

Sucking reflex

Answer 19

Becomes voluntary at 3 mo

Question 20

Babinski reflex

Answer 20

Birth to 4 mo
Stroke from toes to heel
Fanning of toes

Question 21

Tonic neck

Answer 21

Birth to 6-7 mo
While supine rotate head laterally
Response is extension of limbs on chin side and flexion of limbs on opposite side

Question 22

Rooting reflex

Answer 22

Less prominent after 1 mo

Stroke finger from mouth to earlobe and baby will turn head toward stimulus and open mouth

Question 23

Palmar/plantar grasp

Answer 23

Birth to 2-3 mo
Stimulate palm or plantar surface of foot
Palmar grasp or plantar flexion

Question 24

Parachute reflex

Answer 24

Appears at 9 mo and remains throughout life

Horizontal suspension and quick thrusting movement toward surface will cause extremities to extend

Question 25

Global developmental delay

Answer 25

Significant delay in 2 or more areas of development

Question 26

What part of sleep do nightmares occur in? sleep terrors? sleep walking?

Answer 26

nightmares occur during REM night terrors and sleep walking occur during non-REM

Question 27

What sinuses are present at birth

Answer 27

ethmoid and maxillary

Question 28

Meningitis tx for neonates

Answer 28

ampicillin and cefotaxime (or gentamicin)

Question 29

Meningitis tx for infants up to 3 mo

Answer 29

ampicillin and cefotaxime (or gentamicin) w/ higher doses of cefotaxime or ceftriaxone

Question 30

Meningitis tx for >3 mo- 55 yo

Answer 30

cefotaximine or ceftriaxone + vancomycin

Question 31

Meningitis tx for hosp acq, immunocompromised or post neuro surg

Answer 31

ampicillin + ceftazidime + vanc

Question 32

Febrile seizure tx

Answer 32

If >5 min → lorazepam Intubation if breathing compromised Electrolytes and glucose if >5 min Parents may be taught how to give rectal lorazepam oncefor recurrent febrile seizures If SE→ emergent mgmt with antiep, lorazepam, cooling blanket and antipyretics Prevent w/ acetaminophen at first sign of fever

Question 33

Absence seizure tx

Answer 33

ethosuximide (kids usually outgrow)

Question 34

complex seizure

Answer 34

LOC

Question 35

simple seizure

Answer 35

no LOC

Question 36

generalized seizure

Answer 36

total body

Question 37

partial seizure

Answer 37

specific focal sx

Question 38

absence seizure

Answer 38

no post ictal, starting and stopping sentences, see teacher on one topic then all of a sudden another

Question 39

SE

Answer 39

seizure ongoing for ≥ 10 min

Question 40

Generalized, simple and complex partial seizure tx

Answer 40

carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproic acid, gabapentin, topiramate, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, levetiracetam, zonisamide

Question 41

SE tx

Answer 41

patent airway, manage hyperthermia, diazepam or lorazepam IV until seizure stops, phenytoin or fosphenytoin

Question 42

teething 6-7 mo (6-7 yr perm)

Answer 42

central incisor

Question 43

teething 7-9 mo (7-8 yr perm)

Answer 43

lateral incisior

Question 44

teething 16-18 mo (9-12 y perm)

Answer 44

cuspids

Question 45

teething 12-14 mo (6-7 yr perm)

Answer 45

1st molars

Question 46

teething 20-24 mo (11-13 yo perm)

Answer 46

2nd molars

Question 47

teething 10-12 yo

Answer 47

1st and 2nd bicuspids

Question 48

Turner syndrome presentation

Answer 48

Shortstatute, webbed neck, no breast development, prominent ears, low posterior hairline, broad chest, widely spaced nipples, ↑ crrying angle Primary amenorrhea, ovarian dysgenesis, absence of secondary sex characteristics, coarctation of aorta, horseshoe kidney, aortic stenosis

Question 49

Turner syndrome etiology

Answer 49

45, X0