Neuro - diseases Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is west syndrome
Infantile spasms
Childhood epilepsy presenting in the first 4-8 months of life
Which gender is west syndrome more common in
Male infants
Prognosis of west syndrome
Poor prognosis due to serious underlying condition
will have loss of skills, learning disabilities, continuing epilepsy
Symptoms of west syndrome
Salaam attacks : flexion of head and extension of arms, 1-2 seconds repeated up to 50 x
What is the pathophysiology of west syndrome
EEG : hypsarrhythmia
What is the management for west syndrome
Vigabatrin is first line
Requires urgent referral to tertiary paediatric neurology service
What are the 4 types of epilepsy?
Tonic clonic
Absence
Myclonic
Focal seizures
Tonic clonic seizure features and management
Unconsciousness with preceding aura, muscle contractions, shaking, tongue biting, incontinence and post-ictal symptoms
-> Valproate
Symptoms of absence epilepsy and management
Brief unconsciousness 5-10secs, behavioural arrest or staring
- 3 spike wave per second pattern bilatery
Management with valproate or ethosuximide
Features of myoclonic seizures and management
Brief arrhthmic muscular jerking, lasts seconds
- valproate
Focal sizures features and management
strange tastes or smells before siezure
lip smacking, plucking at clothes
- carbamezapine or lamotrigine
What is benign rolandic epilepsy
3-12 years, partial seizures of upper limb or face during sleep with hypersalivation
EEG shows centrotemporal spikes
Seizures stop at teen - good prognosis
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy ?
in 12-18 years after waking up
What types of head swelling can occur in newborns?
Capput succedaneum
Cephalohaematoma
Intraventricular haemorrhage
What is capput succedaneum?
localised soft tissue oedema due to cervical pressure during svd
**crosses suture lines ** resolves within days
need to do US to rule out subgaleal haemorrhage
Cephalohaematoma?
soft fluctulant localised swelling
subperiosteal haemorrage, well defined
**DOESNT cross Suture lines **
months to resolve
Complications of cephalohaematoma
jaundice
defective blood clotting
Intraventricular haemorrhage?
Can occur spontaneously in premature neonates
What is hydrocephalus symptoms?
vomiting
irritable
impaired consciousness
increased head circumference
sunset sign : eyes driven down bilaterally
What is the management for hydrocephalus?
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt
Migraine management in children 12-17?
1 : simple analgesia
2 : nasal sumatriptan
NO ASPIRIN under 16 due to reye’s syndrome
CT head indications in paediatrics?
If a child has more than one of the specified features such as loss of consciousness for more than five minutes, abnormal drowsiness, three or more episodes of vomiting, a dangerous mechanism of injury, or amnesia lasting more than five minutes
: CT scan should be done within one hour.
If they have only one of these features, observation for a minimum of four hours is recommended.
