Renal disease

Question 1

What renal disease occurs in childhood?

most common cause of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 1

Minimal change disease

Question 2

What is minimal change disease

Answer 2

Nephrotic syndrome associated with periorbital oedema, frothy urine, proteinuria

Question 3

What is seen on renal biopsy for minimal change disease

Answer 3

electron microscope will show fusion of podocytes and effacement of foot processes

Question 4

How to investigate for minimal change disease

Answer 4

urine dipstick to confirm proteinuria first

definitive - biopsy and electron micrscope

Question 5

How to manage minimal change disease

Answer 5

**oral prednislone **for 4-6 weeks

2nd line: ( indicating steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS).)
alternative immunosuppressant like ciclosporin

Question 6

complications of minimal change disease

Answer 6

increase thrombosis risk due to loss of AT-III in urine

infection - loss of immunoglobulin in urine

hypoercholesterolaemia - albumin loss in urine