Neuro Drugs Flashcards by Kiana White

What drug is used in an emergency to stop seizures?

Diazepam (Valium)

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What properties does Diazepam (Valium) have?

patent anti-seizure properties

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What are some drugs used for preventing/controlling seizures?

Diazepam (Valium), Pentobarbital, Phenobarbital, Bromide (Potassium Bromide), Gabapentin, Levetiracetam (Keppra), Zonisamide

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What is the drug of choice for long term epilepsy control?

Phenobarbital

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What is a common side effect of Phenobarbital that all clients should know about?

drowsiness

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How can Phenobarbital be given?

oral or IV

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What is Potassium Bromide?

traditional anticonvulsant used an add-on to Phenobarbital if patient is not responding to Phenobarb alone

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How can Diazepam (Valium) be given?

IV or rectally

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What are some side effects of anti-seizure medications?

drowsiness, PU/PD, hepatotoxicity (Phenobarbital)

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What is Primidone?

converted by the liver primarily to Phenobarbital which accounts for its anticonvulsant activity

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How do inhalant anesthetics work?

enter and exit via the lungs with little biotransformation – rapid induction and recovery

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What are the types of inhalant anesthetics?

Isoflurane, Sevoflurane, Halothane, Methoxyflurane

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What is the biotransformation rate of Isoflurane?

<0.2%

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What animals is Sevoflurane ideal for?

ideal for high-risk small animals because of its safety and rapid, smooth induction

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What does Halothane cause?

causes cardiac dysrhythmias

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What is the biotransformation rate of Sevoflurane?

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What is the biotransformation rate of Halothane?

25%

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Which inhalant anesthetic has the greatest biotransformation rate of all the inhalants?

Methoxyflurane (50%)

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How fast does Propofol work?

rapid onset and lasts 2-5 minutes

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How is Propofol given?

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What are the clinical uses for Propofol?

induction agent, outpatient procedures, c-section

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Why is Propofol used for c-sections?

does not cross placental barrier

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What are some side effects of Propofol?

apnea if given too rapidly, prolonged recovery, and/or Heinz body production in cats with repeated use

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What is Guaifenesin?

induces anesthesia and muscles relaxation, extends anesthesia of another injectable

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What drugs are in the Central Nervous System Stimulants group?

Doxapram

What does Doxapram do?

stimulates respiration and/or heart rate in emergency situations

How is Doxapram used in neonates?

1-2 drops under tongue of newborn into umbilical vein can stimulate respirations

How do pharmacotherapy drugs work?

most work by altering neurotransmitters in the brain

What drugs fall under the antianxiety medication group?

Benzodiazepines - Diazepam (Valium), Alprazolam (Xanax), Lorazepam (Ativan), and Azapirones - Buspirone

What are some uses for antianxiety medications?

fears and phobias, anxiety, aggression, urine marking

What are some side effects of antianxiety medications?

lethargy, hepatic necrosis in cats

What drugs fall under the antidepressant group?

Tricyclic antidepressants - Amitriptyline, Clomipramine (Clomicalm), Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors - Fluoxetine, Trazodone, Monoamine Oxidase-B inhibitors - Selegiline, Miscellaneous - Gabapentin

What are the uses for antidepressant medications?

anxiety, aggression, obsessive disorders

What are some side effects of antidepressants?

sedation

What is Pentobarbital?

pentobarbital sodium alone or in combination with other drugs euthanasia solution

What is a common side effect of Pentobarbital?

muscle twitching

Which reaction is the parasympathetic nervous system?

decreased heart rate

What drugs fall under the tranquilizer group?

Phenothiazine - Acepromazine, Benzodiazepines - Diazepam (Valium), Midazolam, Alprazolam (Xanax)

What are some uses of Phenothiazine tranquilizers?

sedation, cardiovascular effects

What properties do Phenothiazine tranquilzers have?

antiemetic properties

What are some side effects of tranquilizers?

lowers seizure threshold in epileptic animals, hypotension

What are some uses for Benzodiazepine tranquilizers?

treatment of seizures, sedation, appetite stimulant in cats

What drugs fall under the alpha-2 agonist group?

Xylazine, Detomidine, Medetomidine, Dexmetatimadine, Romifidine

What is the reversal agent of Xylazine?

Yohimbine

What is Xylazine often used in combination with?

Ketamine

What are the clinical uses of Xylazine?

sedation, analgesia

What are some side effects of Xylazine?

bradycardia

What are some clinical uses for Detomidine?

sedation and analgesia in horses

What are some side effects of Detomidine?

bradycardia

What is the reversal agent for Detomidine?

Atipamezole

What is the reversal agent for Medetomidine?

Atipamezole

What are the clinical uses for Medetomidine?

minor surgical procedures that do not require intubation

What are some side effects of Medetomidine?

bradycardia

What is a form of Dexmedetomidine?

Dexdomitor

What are some side effects of Dexmedetomidine?

bradycardia

What is the reversal agent for Dexedetomidine?

Atipamezole

What is a long acting Barbituate?

Phenobarbital

What is a short acting Barbituate?

Pentobarbital

What is an ultra-short acting Barbituate?

Thiopental

What is Phenobarbital used for?

anticonvulsant for epileptic seizures

Is Phenobarbital controlled or uncontrolled?

controlled

What is Pentobarbital used for?

can get 1-2 hours of anesthesia with small doses Euthanasia drug

Is Pentobarbital controlled or uncontrolled?

controlled

What are the clinical uses for Dissociative agents?

sedation, restraint, analgesia, anesthesia

What are some forms of Opioid Agonists?

Morphine, Oxymorphone, Butorphanol tartrate, Fentanyl, Hydrocodone, Apomorphine, Codeine, Buprenorphine

What receptor does Morphine work on?

Mu receptor agonist

What receptor does Oxymorphone work on?

Mu agonist

What is the reversal agent for Opioids?

Naloxone

What receptor does Butorphanol tartrate work on?

Mu agonist

What are the clinical uses for Butorphanol tartrate?

analgesia and preanesthetic, antitussive properties

What receptor does Morphine work on?

Mu receptor agonist

What Opioid can be given through transdermal patches?

Fentanyl

What is Hydrocodone?

antitussive

What is Apomorphine?

induces vomiting

Is Butorphanol tartrate controlled on uncontrolled?

controlled

Is Fentanyl controlled or uncontrolled?

controlled

Is Hydrocodone controlled or uncontrolled?

controlled

Is Codeine controlled or uncontrolled?

controlled

What is Codeine?

antitussive

What receptor does Buprenorphine work on?

partial Mu agonist/antagonist

How is Buprenorphine absorbed?

transmucosal absorption

What are some side effects of Opioid Agonists?

panting, nausea

What are some clinical uses for Opioid Antagonists?

antagonize opioid effects

What are some forms of Opioid Antagonists?

Naloxone

Cholinergic drugs work with the _________________ system.

parasympathetic system

What are some forms of Cholinergic drugs?

Bethanechol, Pilocarpine, Metoclopramide, Edrophonium, Neostiamine, Pyridostimine

What is Metoclopramide?

Reglan, vomiting control

What Cholinergic is used in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis?

Edrophonium

What Cholinergic drug is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis?

Pyridostigmine

What are some side effects of Cholinergic drugs?

bradycardia, hypotension

What are the clinical uses for Anticholinergic drugs?

decreases GI motility, prevents bradycardia

What are some forms of Cholinergic Blocking Agents?

Atropine, Glycopyrrolate, Propantheline, Pralidoxime (2-PAM)

What Cholinergic Blocking Agents treat organophosphate toxicity?

Atropine and 2-PAM

Adrenergic Agents work with the __________ system.

sympathetic system

What are some forms of Adrenergic Agents?

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Phenylpropanolamine, Dobutamine

What is Epinephrine?

increases cardiac output

What is Dopamine?

treats shock and congestive heart failure

What is Phenylpropanolamine?

used to treat urinary tract incontinence

What is Dobutamine?

short term treatment of congestive heart failure

What are some side effects of Adrenergic Agents?

tachycardia, hypertension

What are the clinical uses for Adrenergic Blocking Agents?

disrupt the activity of the sympathetic nervous system

What are some forms of Adrenergic Blocking Agents - Alpha blockers?

Phenoxybenzamine, Acepromazine, Prazosin, Yohimbine, Atipamezole

What are some forms of Adrenergic Blocking Agents - Beta blockers?

Propanolol, Timolol, Atenolol

What are some side effects of Adrenergic Blocking Agents?

bradycardia, hypotension

What drugs are used on the Central Nervous System?

depressants, stimulants, euthanasia drugs

Neuro Drugs Flashcards

(105 cards)