Respiratory Drugs

Question 1

What is sympathetic stimulation?

Answer 1

“fight or flight,” bronchodilation in bronchioles, decrease mucous production

Question 2

What is parasympathetic stimulation?

Answer 2

“rest and digestion,” bronchoconstriction in bronchioles, increase mucous production

Question 3

What are globlet cells?

Answer 3

ciliated, pseudostratified, columnar epithelial cells that secrete mucous

Question 4

What are alveloli?

Answer 4

saclike structures at the end of bronchioles

Question 5

What are the general treatment goals for respiratory diseases?

Answer 5

control of secretions, control of reflexes, maintain normal airflow to the alveoli

Question 6

What is aerolization?

Answer 6

nebulization, allows concentrated drug to be delivered directly into lungs

Question 7

What are the two basic aerosol delivery systems?

Answer 7

nebulizer and metered dose inhalers

Question 8

What is the clinical use for nebulization?

Answer 8

primarily for respiratory infection

Question 9

What is the clinical use for metered dose inhalers?

Answer 9

bronchodilators or steroids; asthma in cats, heaves (COPD or recurrent airways obstruction) in horses, bronchitis in dogs

Question 10

What are expectorants?

Answer 10

drugs that liquify and dilute viscous secretions of respiratory tract and promote evacuation of secretions

Question 11

What is Guaifenesin?

Answer 11

used to relieve cough symptoms related to upper respiratory tract conditions

Question 12

What are some forms of Guaifenesin?

Answer 12

Robitussin, Cough tabs

Question 13

What drug falls under Mucolytics?

Answer 13

Acetylcysteine

Question 14

What does Acetylcysteine do?

Answer 14

chemically alters mucous to decrease viscosity of secretions by breakdown of chemical (disulfide) bonds

Question 15

What are the side effects of Acetylcysteine?

Answer 15

nausea and vomiting when administered orally

Question 16

What are antitussives?

Answer 16

inhibit or suppress coughing

Question 17

What are the clinical uses for Acetylcysteine?

Answer 17

treat acetaminophen toxicity

Question 18

What properties does Butorphanol Tartrate have?

Answer 18

agonist/antagonist opioid with patent antitussive properties

Question 19

Is Butorphanol controlled or uncontrolled?

Answer 19

controlled

Question 20

What is Butorphanol used for?

Answer 20

chronic nonproductive cough in dogs

Question 21

What are the side effects of Butorphanol?

Answer 21

sedation and ataxia

Question 22

Is Hydrocodone Bitartrate controlled or uncontrolled?

Answer 22

controlled (class III)

Question 23

What is Hydrocodone used for?

Answer 23

harsh, nonproductive cough

Question 24

What are the side effects of Hydrocodone?

Answer 24

sedation, constipation, GI upset

Question 25

Is codeine controlled or uncontrolled?

Answer 25

controlled (class II, III, IV)

Question 26

What are the side effects of codeine?

Answer 26

sedation and constipation

Question 27

What drug is a non-narcotic drug that is similar to codeine?

Answer 27

Dextromethorphan

Question 28

What properties does Dextromethorphan not have that differentiates it from codeine?

Answer 28

no analgesia (pain control) or addictive properties

Question 29

How does Dextromethorphan work?

Answer 29

acts centrally by increasing cough threshold

Question 30

What are the side effects of Dextromethorphan?

Answer 30

drowsiness and GI upset

Question 31

What is Temaril-P?

Answer 31

combination drug - antitussive (trimeprazine) and a steroid (prednisolone)

Question 32

What are the side effects of Temaril-P?

Answer 32

sedation, depression, hypotension

Question 33

What are the 4 categories of bronchodilators?

Answer 33

cholinergic blockers, antihistamines, beta-2 adrenergic agonist, methylxanthines

Question 34

How do beta-2 adrenergic agonists work?

Answer 34

bind with receptors on smooth muscle fibers and cause relaxation of fibers

Question 35

What are some examples of beta-2 adrenergic agonists?

Answer 35

epinephrine, albuterol, clenbuterol (both commonly used), and terbutaline (common)

Question 36

What are some side effects of beta-2 adrenergic agonists?

Answer 36

tachycardia and hypertension

Question 37

What are methylxathines?

Answer 37

inhibit an enzyme called phosphodiesterase

Question 38

What are some clinical uses of methylxanthines?

Answer 38

bronchodilators

Question 39

What are some forms of methylxanthines?

Answer 39

theophylline and aminophylline

Question 40

What are some side effects of methylxanthines?

Answer 40

GI upset, central nervous system stimulation, tachycardia, ataxia, arrhythmias

Question 41

What are antihistamines?

Answer 41

exert effect by reducing histamine release and block H1 receptors on smooth muscle; better at prevention than treatment

Question 42

What are some forms of antihistamines?

Answer 42

diphenhydramine (benadryl), hydroxyzine, cyprohepatadine, cetirizine (xyrtec)

Question 43

What are some side effects of antihistamines?

Answer 43

sedation and GI upset

Question 44

What are corticosteriods?

Answer 44

provide strong anti-inflammatory effects when inhaled with fewer systemic side effects

Question 45

What are corticosteroids used for?

Answer 45

used primarily with allergic respiratory conditions

Question 46

What is the most effective drug in the treatment of equine chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Answer 46

corticosteroids

Question 47

What are considered the drugs of choice in the treatment of chronic airway inflammation in dogs and cats?

Answer 47

corticosteroids

Question 48

Which pred can cats not have and why?

Answer 48

cats should NOT have prednisone because they do not absorb or convert prednisone to prednisolone as well as dogs

Question 49

What are some clinical uses of corticosteroids?

Answer 49

equine heaves, feline asthma, allergic pneumonia

Question 50

What are some forms of corticosteroids?

Answer 50

prednisolone, prednisone, beclomethasone, fluticasone propionate (FLOVENT), triamcinolone

Question 51

What is Doxapram hydrochloride?

Answer 51

stimulate respiration during/after anesthesia

Question 52

Why would you use Doxapram hydrochloride in neonates?

Answer 52

to stimulate respiration after c-section/dystocia

Question 53

What are some forms of Doxapram hydrochloride?

Answer 53

Dopram

Question 54

What are the side effects of Doxapram hydrochloride?

Answer 54

hypertension, arrhythmias, hyperventilation, CNS excitation, seizures

Question 55

What are mast cell stabilizers?

Answer 55

blocks histamines/leukotrienes and may also inhibit bronchospasm

Question 56

What are mast cell stabilizers used for?

Answer 56

heaves in horses/RAO

Question 57

What is Naloxone?

Answer 57

stimulates respiration by reversing opioid overdose

Question 58

What is Yohimbine?

Answer 58

stimulates respiration by reversing xylazine overdose