Neuro: lecture 1

Question 1

capgras delusion

Answer 1

-recurrent belief that a person has been replaced by an imposer
-lesion in R hemisphere

Question 2

stiffperson syndrome

Answer 2

-diffuse stiffness w/o weakness or numbness
-autoimmune syndrome

Question 3

prosopagnosia

Answer 3

-inability to recognize faces of familiar people
-usually R hemisphere lesion

Question 4

level of consciousness
most alert –> least (4)

Answer 4

alert, lethargy, stupor, coma

Question 5

awake and interactive

Answer 5

alert

Question 6

appears asleep, but may be aroused with stimulation to interact with environment

Answer 6

lethary

Question 7

what is stupor?

Answer 7

arouses briefly to vigorious stimuli, but not to point of being interactive

Question 8

what is coma?

Answer 8

unresponsive to external stimuli

Question 9

dysarthria

Answer 9

slurred speech
- motor disorder affecting muscles of articulation

Question 10

aphasia

Answer 10

impairment of language production or comprehension
-broca’s and wernicke’s area

Question 11

What are the components of language?

Answer 11

spontaneous speech, naming, comprehension, repetition, reading, writing

Question 12

role of angular gyrus?

Answer 12

links written word with language

Question 13

where is Broca’s area?

Answer 13

left inferior frontal
*lang production

Question 14

where is Wernicke’s area?

Answer 14

superior temporal gyrus
*comprehension

Question 15

dysguesia

Answer 15

altered taste

Question 16

what muscles are innervated by oculomotor n?

Answer 16

SR, IR, MR, IO,

Question 17

what muscles are innervated by trochlear n?

Answer 17

SO

Question 18

what muscles are innervated by abducens n?

Answer 18

LR

Question 19

What does swinging flashlight test mean if theres no constriction?

Answer 19

problem with ipsi optic nerve

Question 20

what if when doing the swinging flashlight test theres no constriction in the opposite pupil?

Answer 20

problem with opposite optic nerve, ipsilateral parasympathetics of CN3, or pupillary constrictor muscle

Question 21

what two cranial nerves are responsible for corneal reflex?

Answer 21

CN V and VII

*look for eyelid blinking

Question 22

in a central lesion how does the face appear?

Answer 22

lower half of face weak on contralateral side

Question 23

in a peripheral lesion how does the face look?

Answer 23

• Bell’s Palsy
  entire half of face weak on ipsilateral side

Question 24

little resistance to passive moment

Answer 24

flaccidity

Question 25

steady muscular tension that is equal in degree in opposing muscle groups

Answer 25

rigidity

Question 26

sustained increase in tension of a muscle when it is passively lengthened (speed dependent)

Answer 26

spasticity

Question 27

what and where do you see the pyramidal pattern?

Answer 27

UMNL flexors stronger in UE, extensors stronger in LE

Question 28

stiffness, spasticity, hyperreflexia, babinski, hoffman signs are all seen in?

Answer 28

UMNL

Question 29

weakness, atrophy, fasciculations, cramps are all seen in?

Answer 29

LMNL

Question 30

in LMNL is there sensory involvement or pain?

Answer 30

NO that's why they're hypoactive reflexes!

Question 31

patella reflex nerve root

Answer 31

L4

Question 32

achillies reflex nerve root

Answer 32

S1

Question 33

the lateral spinothalamic tract vs ventral spinothalamic tract?

Answer 33

lateral: pain and temp ventral: light touch

Question 34

DCML responsible for what sensations?

Answer 34

vibration and proprioception

Question 35

what is a positive romberg sign?

Answer 35

pt can stand EO with feet together sway or fall with EC

Question 36

what sign is one of the earliest of dorsal column disease?

Answer 36

romberg sign

Question 37

station vs gait?

Answer 37

station: attitude and manner of standing, including posture gait: access width of base, arm swing, pelvic rotation, height of step, symmetry test forward,backward, toes, heels,tandem, arising from seated position

Question 38

complications of lumbar puncture

Answer 38

-post LP headache -bleeding -infection -back pain -rare: herniation, nerve injury

Question 39

CT/CAT scan disadvantages

Answer 39

-radiation exposue -poor visualization of brainstem

Question 40

CT scan hyperdense (bright) areas?

Answer 40

calcium, bone

Question 41

CT scan hypodense (dark) areas?

Answer 41

CSF, fat

Question 42

t/f white matter is darker than grey matter

Answer 42

TRUE

Question 43

advantages of CT scan

Answer 43

-emergency diagnosis of acute conditions -blood easily seen -quickly avaliable -only option for contraindicated to MRI -visualization of bone -high resolution of vascular structures

Question 44

advantages of MRI

Answer 44

-no radiation exposure -higher resolution,better clarity -unmarred by bone artifact

Question 45

disadvantages of MRI

Answer 45

-some contraindications (pacemakers) -cant access bone -long acquisition time

Question 46

in myelography, where is radiopaque dye injected into?

Answer 46

subarachnoid space via lumbar puncture

Question 47

what test evaluates spinal stenosis, cord AVM, and tumor abcess

Answer 47

myelography

Question 48

where is dye injected into with conventional angiography?

Answer 48

cranial arteries (via catherization femoral artery)

Question 49

what test helps visualize occulusions, dissections, primary angiitis, aneurysms, vascular malformations?

Answer 49

conventional angiography

Question 50

what are evoked potentials

Answer 50

recording of electrical activity in central sensory pathways produced by visual (VEP), auditory (BAEP) or sensory (SSEP) stimulation.

Question 51

what is VEP

Answer 51

alternating checkerboard pattern

Question 52

what is BAEP

Answer 52

auditory clicks through earphones

Question 53

what is SSEP

Answer 53

electrical stimulation applied to peripheral nerves

Question 54

what is EMG?

Answer 54

insertion of a small needle into individual muscles and recording of motor unit potentials at rest and with activity

Question 55

what is NCV?

Answer 55

electrical stimulation over nerves with recording of sensory and motor nerve potentials and velocities

Question 56

what neuropathy presents with decreased amplitudes on NCV, abnormal spontaneous activity on EMG?

Answer 56

axonal

Question 57

which neuropathy presents with slowed conduction?

Answer 57

demyelinating

Question 58

describe myopathies in terms of NCV: Duration: amplitude:

Answer 58

describe myopathies in terms of NCV: normal Duration: small amplitude: low potential

Question 59

which disease presents with abnormalities on repetitive nerve stimulation?

Answer 59

Myasthenia Gravis