Research: lecture 1

Question 1

-involve more than just minimal risks to the participants
-involve a sensitive topic
-involve minors or other vulnerable populations (fetus, prisoner)

ex: most prospective research that includes an intervention requires a full review

Entire Board reviews

Answer 1

full

Question 2

what are the three levels of IRB review

Answer 2

full
expedited
exempt

Question 3

-involve minimal risks to the participants
-sub-set of the board review

Answer 3

expedited

Question 4

-pose little risks to the partipants
- do not involve a sensitive topic
-do not involve vulnerable populations

Answer 4

exempt

Question 5

evidence based practice is the integration of

Answer 5

-best research evidence
-clinical expertise
-patient values/ situation

Question 6

what does PICO stand for

Answer 6

Patient or problem
Intervention
Comparison intervention
Outcomes

Question 7

this is a common way to develop a research question

Answer 7

PICO

Question 8

what does FINER stand for

Answer 8

Feasible
Interesting
Novel
Ethical
Relevant

Question 9

systemic reviews of RCTs

Answer 9

1a

Question 10

RCT with narrow CI

Answer 10

1b

Question 11

all or none

Answer 11

1c

Question 12

systematic review of cohort studies

Answer 12

2a

Question 13

cohort study or low quality RCT

Answer 13

2b

Question 14

outcomes research

Answer 14

2c

Question 15

systematic review of case control studies

Answer 15

3a

Question 16

case reports, small case series

Answer 16

4

Question 17

expert opinion without any critical appraisal, bench research

Answer 17

5

Question 18

dissemination of findings

Answer 18

-can be presented at a peer reviewed conference or published in a journal
-can be sharing your lit review findings with fellow clinicians at your clinic

Question 19

commission on accreditation in PT education requires DPT students engage in the research process

Answer 19

CAPTE

Question 20

includes research in their mission and promotes it through grant opportunities as well as through their online resources for clinicians

Answer 20

APTA

Question 21

being a consumer of literature means?

Answer 21

this requires an understanding EBP and you can use literature to impact your clinical practice/ decision making

Question 22

being a producer/contributor to the literature means?

Answer 22

this requires an understanding of research process (critical inquiry) and how it is tied with EBP.

Question 23

why do researchers violate ethical principles?

Answer 23

-grant
-advancement/tenure
-publish/perish
-prestige
-deadlines
-others are counting on them for their GA positions
-want significant results –> their research took a bunch of time and resources..it looks bad if their theories are wrong

Question 24

______ is any manipulation, observation, or other study of a human being… done with the intent of developing new knowledge

Answer 24

research

Question 25

research requires _____ approval PRIOR to beginning any data collection or participant recruitment

Answer 25

IRB

Question 26

can you go back and use old medical records and publish the data without IRB approval?

Answer 26

NO!

Question 27

defined as a group that receives nothing or a group that receives standard intervention

Answer 27

control group

Question 28

what is a dual review??

Answer 28

often more than one review is necessary if TWU and TCH are conducting a study together need a approval from both

Question 29

institutional IRB agreement

Answer 29

formal agreement b/w institutions that allows them to share oversight responsibilities for research

Question 30

elements of informed consent must include?

Answer 30

-participants must be fully informed - risk,benefit,time -participants info should be confidential and anonymous -consent form should be written in lay language about 6th grade -no penalty for withdraw -contact info must be provided -must sign every page and get a copy -voluntary consent

Question 31

what happens after data collection?

Answer 31

-researcher must close the IRB and submit all signed consent forms

Question 32

can you still analyze the data and write the manuscript after IRB is closed?

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

can you be an author on a manuscript or poster even if your name wasn't included in the IRB?

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

evidence based practice according to the APTA includes the integration of best _____, _______, and _____ when evaluating and treating pts and clients.

Answer 34

-best available evidence -clincial expertise -patient value/circumstances

Question 35

ex: pediatric pt age 10-17 with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. hospitalized more than 1x per year at TCH falls under what in PCIO?

Answer 35

patient or problem

Question 36

ex: 1:1 PT sessions to build endurance and provide education, 3x per week x 4 weeks falls under what in PICO

Answer 36

intervention (ex/cause or treatment)

Question 37

ex: home exercise program with an activity log falls under what in PICO

Answer 37

comparison intervention (if necessary)

Question 38

ex: can an indiviudalized skilled PT program increase endurance in pediatric clients with CF? fall under what in PICO

Answer 38

outcomes what would you like to find out?

Question 39

what is the main alternative to compare with the intervention?

Answer 39

comparison intervention

Question 40

which main intervention am i considering?

Answer 40

intervention (ex/cause or txt)

Question 41

how would i describe a group of pt that are similar to mine?

Answer 41

patient or problem

Question 42

three steps comprise formulation of great research quesiton?

Answer 42

1. ask interesting questions 2.select best question for research 3.transform question into testable hypothesis

Question 43

what is a distinictive feature of medline?

Answer 43

records are indexed with NLM's medical subject headings (MeSH)

Question 44

books,meta-analysis, reviews, and systematic reviews are all pre-digested ___ sources of info

Answer 44

secondary

Question 45

only what provide primary sources of info? (2)

Answer 45

-RCT -clinical trials

Question 46

what is considered original research

Answer 46

primary sources

Question 47

databases and search engines that will locate specific articles

Answer 47

primary sources

Question 48

what are predigested research

Answer 48

secondary sources

Question 49

specialized database that answer clinical questions

Answer 49

secondary sources

Question 50

strengths of primary sources (2)

Answer 50

-immediately current -full text

Question 51

weakness of primary sources (2)

Answer 51

-all but PEDRO need to read and extract info to question -only finds articles in journals listed in their engine

Question 52

unfiltered primary resources examples(3)

Answer 52

-RCT -Cohort studies -case controlled studies, case series/report

Question 53

filtered secondary resources examples

Answer 53

systemic reviews metaanalysis

Question 54

difference between SR vs MA?

Answer 54

SR: this review asks a specific clinical question, perform comprehensive lit search,estimate poorly done studies and attempt to make practice recommendations based on strongest studies meta: a SR plus it combines all data from studies and present the overall results

Question 55

strength of secondary sources (2)

Answer 55

-summarize info for you -dont need to find articles

Question 56

weakness of secondary sources (3)

Answer 56

-some better and more comprehensive -reviews in Cochrane are strong -always dated

Question 57

levels vs grades

Answer 57

levels: ind study grades: summarize multiple studies

Question 58

rank levels strongest evidence to weakest

Answer 58

1a, 1b,1c,2a,2b,3b,3a,3b,4,5

Question 59

rank grades strongest to weakest evidence

Answer 59

A--->F

Question 60

a preponderance of level 1 and level 2 studies support the recommendation. Must include at least 1 level 1 study

Answer 60

A strong evidence

Question 61

a single high quality RCT or a preponderance of level II studies support the recommendation

Answer 61

B moderate evidence