[NEURO] LOCALIZATION Flashcards by Aseel Maher

Dramatic onset

within seconds

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sudden onset

within 2d

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rapid onset

within 2 weeks

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gradual onset

3 weeks

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insidious onset

3 weeks

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difference b/w gradual & insidious onset

start of symptoms is known in gradual onset

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how the picture of the disease was completed

onset

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duration needed to reach maximum intensity of disease

onset on mono-symptomatic diseases

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diseases that affect anatomically related structures

focal diseases

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many foci containing many affected structures

multifocal diseases

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multifocal diseases frequently affecting/sparing nearby structures

disseminated diseases

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diseases affecting functionally related structures

systemic

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examples of focal diseases

vascular,
inflammatory,
traumatic
SOL

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examples of systemic diseases

metabolic
toxic
hereditary

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examples of multifocal diseases

multiple vascular, traumatic, inflam, SOL

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examples of disseminated diseases

demyelinating diseases:
multiple sclerosis

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cc of vascular diseases

dramatic/ sudden onset
stationary/ regressive course

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cc of traumatic diseases

dramatic/ sudden onset
stationary/ regressive course

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cc of inflammatory diseases

rapid
stationary/ regressive course

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cc of space-occupying diseases

gradual
progressive (regressive on TTT)

cc of metabolic, toxic, hereditary diseases

gradual
progressive (regressive on TTT)

bilateral weakness (6)

muscular
NMJ
AHCs
systemic pyramidal
Peripheral nerve lesion
Radicular

affects distal muscles

pyramidal
peripheral nerve lesion

late atrophy

muscular

early atrophy

radiculopathy peripheral nerve lesion

fasiculations seen in

AHCs

impaired sphincters

brainstem pyramidal lesion spinal cord pyramidal lesion peripheral n lesion

ipsilateral ataxia

parathalamic pyramidal lesion

quadrianopia

subcortical pyramidal lesion

dysphasia in case of involvement of speech dominant hemisphere

subcortical pyramidal lesion

areflexia

radicular

hyperreflexia

NMJ AHCs

hyporreflexia

'muscular

hypotonia

muscular peripheral n lesion root

ipsilateral cranial nerve palsy

brainstem pyramidal lesion

antigravity muscles affection

systemic pyramidal

conjugate eye movement palsy

brainstem pyramidal lesion

hypertonia

systemic pyramidal

bilateral paraplegia

spinal cord pyramidal lesion

contralateral thalamic pain (thalamic affection)

parathalamic

diurnal variation

NMJ lesion

extensor plantar reflex

systemic pyramidal

flexor plantar reflex

peripheral nerve lesion

proximal msc weakness + sensory symptoms

radicular

atrophy

LMNL AHCs parietal lobe injury

postural HTN

peripheral nerve lesion

glove & stocking hypoesthesia seen in

peripheral nerve lesion

ophthalmoplegia conjugate eye palsy and vertigo are seen in

brainstem lesion

hemianopia

capsular pyramidal lesion