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Neuro-onc Flashcards

0
Q

type of tumor with fried egg appearance on path AND microcalcifications sometimes evident on CT

A

oligodendroglioma

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1
Q

type of primary CNS tumor most likely to have evidence of dissemination in CSF

A

Grade III ependymoma

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2
Q

mutation in grade II/III astrocytomas (2 possible)

A

p53 mutation and IDH1 mutations

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3
Q

most common site of ependymomas

A

often off lining of ventricles in posterior fossa

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4
Q

mutation that predicts favorable response to DNA damaging chemos in oligodendrogliomas

A

1p19q loss of heterozygosity

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5
Q

chemo for GBM

A

temozolamide

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6
Q

rosettes with microlumina and pseudorosettes

A

think ependymoma

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7
Q

small round blue cells sometimes in rosettes

A

medulloblastoma

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8
Q

type of tumor for medulloblastoma

A

PNET: primitive neuroectodermal tumors

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9
Q

Types of PNET / small round blue cell tumors

A

All grade IV

  • medulloblastoma
  • supratentorial PNET
  • pineoblastoma
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10
Q

poor prognosis for medulloblastoma

A

young children < 3 yrs

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11
Q

vermian tumor in cerebellum in kid is likely what

A

medulloblastoma

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12
Q

treatment for CNS lymphoma

A

methotrexate based regimen

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13
Q

MRI features of lymphoma CNS

A

diffusely enhancing and crosses corpus callosum

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14
Q

Bcell vs Tcell markers on path

A

Bcell: CD20
TCell: CD3

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15
Q

Restricted diffusion in non-stroke

A

lymphoma or abscess

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16
Q

pituitary tumor with cystic components containing motor-oil like fluid

A

adamantinous craniopharyngioma

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17
Q

2 types of craniopharyngioma

A
  1. squamous papillary - solid
  2. **Adamantinous cystic: with motor oil
    (From Rathke’s cyst remnants)
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18
Q

where do meningiomas arise from

A

extraaxial, from arachnoid cells

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19
Q

dural tail

A

meningioma

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20
Q

loss of chromosome 22 found in what kind of tumor

A

meningioma

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21
Q

whorls on pathology

A

meningioma

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22
Q

two types of pineal parenchymal tumors and major other types?

A

parenchymal:
1. pineoblastoma grade IV (like medulloblastoma, bad behavior, spreads w/ CSF and can occur w/ b/l retinoblastoma)
2. pineocytoma grade I very slow growing
3. germ cell tumors: germinomas and everything else

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23
Q

what tumor might you see in conjunction with b/l retinoblastoma

A

pineoblastoma

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24
Typical treatment of germinoma / pineal tumor treatment
germinoma type is VERY sensitive to RT and chemo, so no surgery.
25
areas of closely and loosely packed tumor (2)
1. JPA | 2. schwannoma
26
nerve most commonly involved in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and what does it most likely arise from
sciatic plexiform neurofibromas
27
tx for SEGA in TS?
everolimus (mtor inhibitor)
28
cauliflower looking lesion in posterior fossa
choroid plexus papilloma
29
well circumscribed posterior fossa mass
ependymoma
30
single histology most common pedi brain tumor and group of brain tumors
medulloblastoma or glioma/all comers
31
voltage gated K channel Abs can cause what
neuromyotomia, seizures, limbic encephalitis
32
ab in stiff person syndrome
anti GAD from breast cancer or SCLC
33
most common brain met
NSCLC
34
axonal peripheral neuropathy - two main chemos
vincristine, taxanes
35
chemo causing cerebral edema
cisplatin (give with mannitol and steroids)
36
drug used for GBM and s/e
temozolamide | marrow suppression, n/v, constipation
37
drug used for recurrent GBM and s/e
bevacizumab | -bleeding, clotting, incr BP, urine protein
38
drug for oligodendroglioma that causes neuropathy, constipation, myelosuppression
vincristine
39
drug that can cause a leukoencephalopathy similar to NPH
methotrexate
40
cancers assoc w/ anti voltage gated K channels
SCLC thymoma
41
brain mets likely to bleed
melanoma, renal cell, chorioca, thyroid ca
42
most common histological primary brain tumor
meningioma
43
what is the course of a pilocytic astrocytoma / JPA | what path and MRI features
grade I, can be surgically resected Path: Rosenthal fibers MRI: enhancing, well circumscribed
44
Grade II/III astrocytomas often with what mutation | enhancing?
p53 | Grade II rarely enhance, grade III may
45
what grade is a SEGA
grade 1
46
three types of glial cells / gliomas
1. astrocytoma 2. oligodendroglioma 3. ependymoma
47
``` path features of juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (2) MRI features (1) ```
1 Rosenthal fibers 2. GFAP + 1. MRI: cyst with mural nodule
48
cyst with mural nodule in kid vs adult
kid: JPA adult: hemangioblastoma and von hippel lindau
49
special cyst with mural nodule in temporal lobe and with seizure that aren't quite JPA
pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (Grade II)
50
two tumors that butterfly across the corpus callosum
GBM or lymphoma
51
calcifications, perinuclear halos on path, delicate vessels
oligodendroglioma: fried egg/ chicken wire vessels
52
most common primary brain tumor to bleed
oligodendroglioma: think of fragile vessels / chicken wire
53
most common spinal cord glioma
ependymoma
54
spinal cord tumor arising from filum terminale?
myxopapillary ependymoma
55
perivascular pseudorosettes
ependymoma
56
whorls, psammoma bodies, | desmosomes on EM
meningioma
57
chromosome associated with meningiomas
merlin chr 22 loss: monosomy 22 (think NF2, chr 22, many meningiomas)
58
what are the high grade meningiomas? (5)
atypical, clear cell, choroid, rhabdoid, anaplastic
59
most common supratentorial tumor in childhood
craniopharyngioma
60
atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) are assoc w/ what genetics?
partial loss of ch22 or LOH of chr 22
61
rosette with central lumen (name and tumor)
true: flexner-wintersteiner in retinoblastoma
62
rosette with cytoplasmic process in center - name and tumor
homer wright | -medulloblastoma neuroblastoma
63
perivascular rosette
pseudorosette, ependymoma
64
type of brain tumor in this syndrome
Cowden's syndrome: multiple hamartomas: | Lhermitte Duclos: dysplastic gangliocytoma of cerebellum
65
type of brain tumor in this syndrome | Gorlin's syndrome
Nevoid basal cell cardinoma syndrome: medulloblastoma | MED GORY
66
Li-Fraumeni syndrome | type of brain tumor in this syndrome
p53 tumor disease: diffuse astrocytomas
67
type of brain tumor in this syndrome | Turcot's syndrome
GBM or medulloblastoma
68
The disease most assoc w/ paraneoplastic syndromes
SCLC
69
amphiphisin antibody causes what and is assoc w/ what cancers
stiff person syndrome / encephalomyelitis | SCLC, breast
70
Anti-Hu assoc w/ what dz
SCLC smokers get SCLC and Hugh Hefner smokes
71
Hodgkins assoc w/ what antibody/paraneoplastic syndrome
Tr: cerebellar degeneration (Trip due to cerebellar)
72
cerebellar degeneration caused by anti-Yo Abs in what cancer?
breast, ovary (Yo mamma)
73
anti-Ta from what cancer, what syndrome
limbic encephalitis / brainstem dysfunction in testicular cancer
74
ataxia, opsoclonus/myoclonus, brainstem encephalitis with what Ab and what cancer
anti-Ri in breast, gyne, SCLC
75
chemo causing stroke/central venous thrombosis
aspariginase
76
chemo making you have SIADH/psych sx
cyclophosphamide
77
chemo causing arachnoiditis and cerebellar dysfunction
ARA-C (ARAchnoiditis, Cerebellar), and also seizures (ARA_Czur)
78
PRES / reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy caused by what chemo
MTX
79
most common tumor of pineal gland
germinoma
80
most common neural crest derived tumor of sacrum
chordoma

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