Systemic disease

Question 0

cerebral salt wasting vs SIADH

Answer 0

in SIADH, the central venous pressure may be high from free water retention

Question 1

rate that is okay to correct hyponatremia?

Answer 1

12 mEq/L/day

Question 2

mainstay of treatment for SIADH

Answer 2

water restriction <800mL/day

Question 3

normal serum osmolality?

Answer 3

270

Question 4

urine Na in SIADH vs DI?

Answer 4

SIADH UNa>20, DI UNa<20

Question 5

hypercalcemia causes what probs at what level?

Answer 5

> 12: Fatigue depression
14: stupor, weakness, coma
GI effects

Question 6

What are Trousseau and Chvostek?

Answer 6

Hypocalcemia signs:
Trousseau: BP cuff
Chvostek: face tapping

Question 7

which magnesium gives you depressed reflexes?

Answer 7

hypermagnesium

Question 8

consider what dx? cognitive impairment, variable psych sx, involuntary mvmts, sz, myoclonus, opsoclonus, chorea, stroke-like episodes, myelopathy?
Dx and labs and Tx

Answer 8

Hashimoto’s encephalopathy - check antimicrosomal/antithyroglobulin antibodies,antithyroid peroxidase, TSH receptor blocking Abs. Responds very well to steroids

Question 9

micro vs macro pituitary adenomas

Answer 9

> 1cm macro

Question 10

most common pituitary adenoma

Answer 10

lactrotroph (prolactin)

Question 11

treatment of pituitary apoplexy

Answer 11

medical and surgical emergency

IV steroids + surgical decompression

Question 12

vitamin deficiency that can mimic Friedreich ataxia: sensory ataxia, areflexia, neuropathy

Answer 12

vit E deficiency

Question 13

familial fat malabsorption disease that can lead to fat soluble vitamin deficiency?

Answer 13

Abetalipoproteinemia (Bassen-Kornzweig)

Question 14

ferritin level to treat

Answer 14

<50

Question 15

Treatment of wernicke encephalopathy

Answer 15

thiamin 500mg IV TID x 2 days then daily x 1 week

Question 16

what causes triphasic waves on EEG

Answer 16

hepatic or uremic encephalopathy