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MRCP 2 > Neuro/Ophthal/Psych > Flashcards

Neuro/Ophthal/Psych Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Acute treatment for Migraine

A

Oral triptan and an NSAID/Paracetamol

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2
Q

Prophylaxis of Migraine

A

Propranolol

Topiramate

Amitriptyline

Candesartan

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3
Q

Herpes simplex (HSV) encephalitis affects which lobes

A

Temporal lobes (characteristically)

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4
Q

Treatment for Herpes simplex (HSV) encephalitis

A

Intravenous aciclovir

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5
Q

First-line for Guillain-Barre syndrome

A

IVIG

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6
Q

Bilateral vestibular schwannomas

Multiple intracranial schwannomas, mengiomas and ependymomas

A

Neurofibromatosis 2

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7
Q

Lateral medullary syndrome

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
(Wallenberg’s syndrome)

Ipsilateral: ataxia, nystagmus, dysphagia, facial numbness, cranial nerve palsy e.g. Horner’s

Contralateral: limb sensory loss

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8
Q

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) - define

A

Demyelinating disease of the CNS characterised by widespread lesions due to brain infection of oligodendrocytes by the JC Virus

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9
Q

Features of Horner’s syndrome

A

Miosis (small pupil)

Ptosis

Enophthalmos (sunken eye)

Anhidrosis (loss of sweating one side)

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10
Q

Generalised tonic-clonic seizures

A

Males: sodium valproate

Females: lamotrigine or levetiracetam

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11
Q

Focal seizures

A

First line: lamotrigine or levetiracetam

Second line: carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine or zonisamide

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12
Q

Absence seizures (Petit mal)

A

First line: ethosuximide

Second line:
Male: sodium valproate
Female: lamotrigine or levetiracetam

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13
Q

? may exacerbate absence seizures

A

Carbamazepine

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14
Q

Myoclonic seizures

A

Males: sodium valproate

Females: levetiracetam

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15
Q

Tonic or atonic seizures

A

Males: sodium valproate

Females: lamotrigine

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16
Q

Features of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

A

Dementia (rapid onset)

Myoclonus

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17
Q

1st line drug in the management of ocular myasthenia gravis

A

Pyridostigmine

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18
Q

Management of myasthenic crisis

A

Plasmapheresis

Intravenous immunoglobulins

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19
Q

Combination of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia

A

Miller-Fisher syndrome

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20
Q

Miller-Fisher syndrome - antibodies

A

Anti GQ1b antibodies

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21
Q

Absolute contraindication for electroconvulsive therapy

A

Raised intracranial pressure

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22
Q

First line for prophylaxis of cluster headaches

A

Verapamil

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23
Q

Anterograde amnesia - define

A

The inability to form new memories

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24
Q

Acute management of cluster headaches

A

100% oxygen

Subcutaneous triptan

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25
Sudden painless loss of vision, severe retinal haemorrhages on fundoscopy
Central retinal vein occlusion
26
Triad of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Urinary incontinence Ataxia Memory impairment
27
Management of NPH
Ventriculoperitoneal shunting
28
Management of Proliferative retinopathy
Panretinal laser photocoagulation Intravitreal VEGF inhibitors (ranibizumab)
29
Typical antipsychotics
Haloperidol Chlorpromazine
30
Atypical antipsychotics
Clozapine Risperidone Olanzapine
31
Extrapyramidal side-effects (EPSEs)
Parkinsonism Acute dystonia Akathisia (severe restlessness) Tardive dyskinesia
32
Antibodies for Myasthenia gravis
Antibodies to acetylcholine receptors Anti-muscle-specific tyrosine kinase antibodies
33
Antibodies against the voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
Lambert-Eaton syndrome
34
Anterior uveitis - treatment
Steroid + cycloplegic (mydriatic) drops
35
Agoraphobia
Fear of open spaces
36
Management of scleritis
Same-day assessment by an ophthalmologist Oral NSAIDs are typically used first-line Oral glucocorticoids may be used
37
Treatment of hepatotoxicity or hyperammonemic encephalopathy in the context of an acute or chronic overdose of sodium valproate
L-Carnitine
38
Thrombolysis in patients with a proven ischaemic stroke of less than ? hours duration.
4.5 hours
39
Disorder in which a person holds a delusion that a friend or partner has been replaced by an identical-looking impostor.
Capgras Syndrome
40
Treatment for Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
Oral antiviral for 7-10 days
41
Definitive treatment for acute angle-closure glaucoma
Laser peripheral iridotomy
42
Which virus is responsible for 95% of cases of viral encephalitis in adults
HSV-1
43
MELAS
Mitochondrial Encephalopathy lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes
44
Patients ≤ 25 years who have been started on an SSRI should be reviewed after ?
1 week
45
Preferred modality in patients with suspected TIA who require brain imaging
MRI brain with diffusion-weighted
46
47
Retinal + cerebellar haemangiomas
Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
48
Older man + quadriceps and finger/wrist flexors weakness + raised CK
Inclusion body myositis
49
Uncal herniation results in pressure on the midbrain resulting in
Ipsilateral CN III palsy (mydriasis is the earliest sign) and contralateral hemiparesis
50
Cerebellar ataxia Telangiectasia (spider angiomas) IgA deficiency resulting in recurrent chest infections
Ataxia telangiectasia
51
Bilateral spastic paresis and loss of pain and temperature sensation
Anterior spinal artery occlusion
52
Recombinant monoclonal antibody that antagonises alpha-4 beta-1-integrin
Natalizumab
53
Oxford Stroke Classification
1. Unilateral hemiparesis and/or hemisensory loss of the face, arm & leg 2. Homonymous hemianopia 3. Higher cognitive dysfunction e.g. dysphasia
54
Treatment of Essential tremor
Propranolol Primidone (2nd line)
55
Postural tremor: worse if arms outstretched Improved by alcohol and rest Most common cause of titubation (head tremor)
Essential Tremor
56
Surgical management of refractory trigeminal neuralgia
Microvascular decompression
57
Vitamin B12 - AKA
Cobalamin
58
Drug causes of Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Combined oral contraceptive pill Steroids Tetracyclines Retinoids (isotretinoin, tretinoin) / vitamin A Lithium
59
Aquaporin 4 positive serum antibody
Neuromyelitis optica
60
Management of Restless legs syndrome
Dopaminergic agents (eg, pramipexole, ropinirole, bromocriptine, levodopa-carbidopa, and rotigotine)
61
Contralateral hemiparesis and sensory loss with the upper extremity being more affected than the lower
Middle cerebral artery
62
Lateral medullary syndrome
Wallenberg's syndrome, Posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Cerebellar features: Ataxia Nystagmus Brainstem features Ipsilateral: dysphagia, facial numbness, cranial nerve palsy e.g. Horner's Contralateral: limb sensory loss

MRCP 2 (13 decks)

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