Neuro: Organization of the Brainstem Flashcards
nuclei that are located on the far dorsolateral surface of the medulla and pons
cochlear and vestibular nuclei
lesions affecting the lateral brainstem (such as a stroke in a long circumferential artery) usually affect which nuclei? what sort of problems could this create?
the branchiomotor (SVE) nuclei as well as preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies that supply the heart; could result in difficulty swallowing, talking, and difficulty controlling heart rate
the part of the brainstem that contains the main sensory nucleus of V - 2nd order neurons that receive discriminative touch information from the face, ear, tongue, nasal and oral cavities
pons
the only SSA nerve - detects hearing and position of head
CN VIII
which cranial nerve is formed from rootlets emerging from the medulla and running down alongside the spinal cord?
CN XI
lesions affecting the dorsolateral pons and medulla (ie, a stroke in the PICA or AICA) usually affect which pools of neurons? what symptoms would this lead to?
GSA and SSA neurons; would lead to sensory loss on the contralateral face, ear, tongue, nose and mouth, as well as dminished sense of hearing
dopamine-producing neurons involved in the basal ganglia system
substantia nigra
nucleus that gives rise to the branchiomotor (SVE) nerve fibers, as well as the preganglionic cell bodies that deliver parasympathetic stimulation to the heart
nucleus ambiguus
nerves that innervate the head and neck muscles derived from the branchial arches; CNs V3, VII, IX, X and XI
special visceral efferent (SVE) or branchiomotor nerves
classification of nerves that innervate most of the skeletal muscle; CNs III, IV, VI (all ocular motility) and XII (tongue motility)
general somatic efferent (GSE)
muscles derived from arch 2
muscles of facial expression
All CN X preganglionic parasympathetic neurons originate in the dorsal motor nucleus of X except for the neurons that supply what muscle?
cardiac muscle
more dorsal lesions tend to produce CN signs with contralateral body ____ loss, while ventral lesions tend to produce CN signs with contralateral body ____ loss.
sensory; motor
paramedian artery infarcts are likely to impair what pool of neurons? name the cranial nerves that would be implicated at each level of the brainstem.
GSE; medulla - hypoglossus (XII) pons - abducens (VI) midbrain - trochlear (IV), oculomotor (III)]
receives all GVA and SVA terminations from CN VII, IX and X
nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS)
muscles derived from arch 1
muscles of mastication
classification of nerves that transmit sensory information from organs including visceral nociceptors, mechanoreceptors, and specialized receptor structures (ie, carotid bodies); CNs IX and X
general visceral afferent (GVA)
which cranial nerves are classified as special visceral efferent (SVE)?
CN V3, VII, IX, X, XI
the type of innervation that refers to the chemical sensation of taste; CNs VII, IX and X
special visceral afferent (SVA)
classification of nerves that transmit pain, temperature, touch and proprioception from the skin and deep tissues (muscles, joints); CN V3 and to a lesser extent VII, IX, X
general somatic afferent (GSA)
the part of the brainstem that contains the mesencephalic nucleus - 1st order neurons that didn’t migrate, and convey proprioceptive information (mainly from the jaw joint)
midbrain
classification of nerves that transmit autonomic signals (parasympathetic/sympathetic pre and post-ganglionic neurons; CNs III, VII, IX and X)
general visceral efferent (GVE)
cranial nerve that carries branchiomotor (SVE) fibers while all of its sensory is GSA
CN V3
The _____ part of the NTS receives sensory information (GVA) from thoracic and abdominal viscera via CN X. The ______ part of the NTS receives special sensory information (SVA) from taste buds via VII, IX and X
caudal; rostral
