Neuro: Organization & Topography of CNS

Question 1

doctrine that states the following: 1. properties of the CNS are determined by electrochemical activity of neurons; 2. neurons are stand-alone processesing units 3. neurons transfer information to other neurons via cell processes 4. transfer of information between neurons is effected through the synapse by either chemical or electrical means

Answer 1

neuron doctrine (theory)

Question 1

medulla + pons + cerebellom

Answer 1

rhombencephalon

Question 2

the optic nerve and retina are outgrowths of what area of the brain?

Answer 2

diencephalon

Question 2

most of the functional activity of the CNS occurs in the ____ matter

Answer 2

gray

Question 2

integrates autonomic, endocrine, and limbic functions; nuclei are found in the walls of the 3rd ventricle

Answer 2

hypothalamus

Question 3

thalamus + hypothalamus

Answer 3

diencephalon

Question 5

this is the most common type of neuron in the brain, with 3+ dendrites and 1 long axon (e.g. large motor neurons of the ventral horn)

Answer 5

multipolar neuron

Question 6

involved in emotion formation and processing, learning, and memory

Answer 6

cingulate gyrus

Question 7

activates and coordinates internally generated movements (essentially freeing individuals from stimulus-bound responses)

Answer 7

basal ganglia

Question 7

lies deeply beneath the thalamus, dorsolateral to the hypothalamus; functions as part of the basal ganglia system

Answer 7

subthalamus

Question 8

centers for language processesing

Answer 8

supramarginal and angular gyri

Question 9

Functions associated with hearing, language processing, visual processing, memory are housed in what lobe?

Answer 9

temporal lobe

Question 10

plays a major role in associative learning where non-emotional stimuli can acquire emotional properties

Answer 10

amygdala

Question 11

functions related to intelligence, personality, motivation and motor control are housed in what lobe of the brain?

Answer 11

frontal lobe

Question 12

functions associated with vision are housed in what lobe?

Answer 12

occipital lobe

Question 12

This structure is known as the “little brain” and plays a role in: • Synergizing and correcting movements • Maintaining upright posture • Maintaining muscle tone

Answer 12

cerebellum

Question 14

pons + cerebellum

Answer 14

metencephalon

Question 14

on the speech dominant side (usually left), this part of the brain contains Wernicke’s area (for understanding speech)

Answer 14

superior temporal gyrus

Question 14

processes sensory and motor information going to/from the cerebral cortex; nuclei are located in the walls of the 3rd ventricle

Answer 14

thalamus

Question 15

includes the pineal body; functions related to circadian rhythms

Answer 15

epithalamus

Question 16

the primary auditory cortex is located where?

Answer 16

transverse temporal gyrus (Heschl’s gyrus)

Question 17

ring of cortex adjacent to the corpus callosum and brainstem, whose functions are associated with emotions, basic drives, memory, smell

Answer 17

limbic lobe

Question 19

contains motor speech area (broca’s area)

Answer 19

inferior frontal gyrus

Question 21

type of neuron in which a single neurite arises from the cell body and divides into two branches: one that projects to the periphery and the other to the CNS; both branches have the structural and functional characteristics of an axon (e.g., sensory cells in the dorsal root ganglia)

Answer 21

pseudo-unipolar neuron

Question 23

neurons within the gray matter are arranged in what 3 distinct ways?

Answer 23

1. in high-density clusters of nuclei 2. in layers (laminae) 3. in loose low-density arrangements (reticular formation)

Question 25

type of neuron that is related to sensory functions, and has 2 long processes, one ending in dendrites and the other (an axon) ends in terminals in the CNS (e.g. retinal bipolar cells, cochlear cells, vestibular ganglia)

Answer 25

bipolar neuron

Question 26

most numerous cell type in the CNS and supports neuron function by protectively myelinating axons and controlling movement of nutrients

Answer 26

glial cells

Question 26

functions are related to taste, visceral sensation, and emotional aspects of pain

Answer 26

insula

Question 28

the diencephalon, midbrain, pons, medulla, and spinal cord or most likely to demonstrate whta type of neuron arrangement?

Answer 28

loose low-density (reticular formation)

Question 29

functions related to general sensation, language and spatial orientation are housed in what lobe of the brain?

Answer 29

parietal lobe

Question 31

neuronal laminae organization is most prominent in what 2 regions of the brain?

Answer 31

cerebral and cerebellar cortices

Question 32

cerebral cortex + basal ganglia + amygdala + hippocampus

Answer 32

telencephalon

Question 33

surrounds hippocampus and plays a role in memory encoding and retrieval

Answer 33

parahippocampal gyrus

Question 34

the olfactory cortex is located in this area, which may become herniated

Answer 34

uncus

Question 35

The following are all features of what structure? • Cranial nerve function • Regulation of cardiac and respiratory function • Regulates CNS • Maintains consciousness • Regulates sleep cycle

Answer 35

brainstem

Question 36

Refers almost exclusively to the densely-packed bundles of myelinated axons and their associated glia (oligodendroglia) that connect different nuclei and regions of the CNS

Answer 36

white matter

Question 37

plays a prominent role in spatial memory

Answer 37

hippocampus

Question 38

\_\_\_\_ _____ consists mostly of neurons and their processes (dendrites), certain non-neuronal cells (mostly astrocytes), and unmyelinated axons

Answer 38

gray matter