Neuro Pathways Flashcards
The nervous system is dived into two branches. Name them and describe what each branch contains.
Central nervous system (Brain, brain stem, spinal cord)
Peripheral nervous system (12 cranial, 31 spinal, GANGLIA)
The PNS is divided into sensory and motor.
What type of nerves are sensory and motor nerves? Do they belong to the PNS or CNS?
Motor (Efferent nerves) PNS to CNS
Sensory (Afferent) CNS to PNS
How many spinal nerves do we have?
Name them
31 Spinal nerves 8 cervical (divided into 4 cervical, 4 brachial) 12 thoracic 5 lumber 5 sacral 1 coccygeal
How many cranial nerves do we have?
Name them.
Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Abducens Trigeminal Fascial Vestibulochlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory Nerve Hypoglossal
What is a myotome?
A myotome is, therefore, a set of muscles innervated by a specific, single spinal nerve.
What is a dermatome?
A dermatome is an area of skin in which sensory nerves derive from a single spinal nerve root
What is a cutaneous nerve?
Cutaneous innervation refers to the area of the skin which is supplied by a specific cutaneous nerve.
Which cranial nerves arise from the brain stem?
C3 to C12
What is a spinal nerve?
A nerve which exits the spinal cord but has not yet contributed towards the formation of a plexus.
What is a peripheral nerve?
The peripheral nervous system is the network of nerves that lie outside the central nervous system
What is a Dorsal root ganglion?
A dorsal root ganglion is a cluster of neurons (a ganglion) in a dorsal root of a spinal nerve.
Does a dorsal root ganglian contain motor or sensory fibres?
Sensory
Does a ventral root ganglian contain motor or sensory fibres?
Motor
In anatomy and neurology, the ventral root or anterior root is the efferent motor root of a spinal nerve. At its distal end, the ventral root joins with the dorsal root to form a mixed spinal nerve.
An enlargement of the spinal cord occurs at the cervical spine between which spinal levels? Why does this enlargement occur?
C4 to T1, due to the formation of the brachial plexus.
The enlargement occurs due to an increase in the volume of motor cells in the ventral horn of the grey matter.
An enlargement of the spinal cord occurs at the lumber spine between which spinal levels? Why does this enlargement occur?
L2 to S3 due to an increase in the volume of motor cells in the ventral horn of the grey matter.
Which part of the brain controls motor function?
Posterior compartment of the frontal lobe.
Where is the sympathetic chain located? (thoracolumber outflow)
T1 to L2
Is the sympathetic chain part of the autonomic or somatic nervous system?
Autonomic
What is the posterior compartment of the frontal lobe called?
Primary motor cortex
Which lobe of the brain receives sensory information?
Specifically which compartment of this lobe?
Parietal Lobe
Primary somatosensory cortex
What is the function of the cerebellum?
motor skills such as balance, coordination, and posture.
Which part of the brain do muscle spindles and golgi tendon bodies communicate with?
cerebellum?
What are muscle spindles?
Muscle spindles are stretch receptors within the body of a muscle that primarily detect changes in the length of the muscle
Which part of the muscle contains muscle spindles?
Belly
