Renal System

Question 1

Approximately how many nephrons are present within a human kidney?

Answer 1

One Million

Question 2

What is hypoxia?

Answer 2

Low blood oxygen levels

Question 3

What is the structural and filtration unit of the kidney called?

Answer 3

Nephrons

Question 4

What is dialysis?

Answer 4

Filtration of blood

Question 5

What cannot be tested for in a urine testing strip? Choose from the following.
Hormone levels? Glucose? PH? Protein?

Answer 5

Hormone

Question 6

Renin production has what effect on blood pressure?

Answer 6

Increases

Question 7

Where does most reabsorption of water take place?

Answer 7

Loop of henle

Question 8

What is the net result of erythropoietin production?

Answer 8

Increase in red blood cells

Question 9

Describe the organisation of the urinary system by placing the following into order.
Ureter, Kidney, urethra, bladder.

Answer 9

Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra

Question 10

The renal artery is a branch of which artery?

Answer 10

Abdominal aorta

Question 11

The renal vein is a branch on which vein?

Answer 11

Inferior vena cava

Question 12

What is the inner layer of the kidney called?

Answer 12

Medulla

Question 13

13. What is the inner layer of the kidney called?

Answer 13

Cortex

Question 14

What artery and vein that supplies the kidney?

Answer 14

Renal artery/Vein

Question 15

As the inferior vena cava transitions inferiorly, it branches into the?

Answer 15

common iliac vein

Question 16

Which organ produces urea?

Answer 16

Liver

Question 17

What is urea made from?

Answer 17

Excess amino acids that are broken down by the liver

Question 18

Which structure carries urine away from the kidneys towards the bladder?

Answer 18

Ureter

Question 19

Which steroid hormone do the adrenal glands produce?

Answer 19

Aldosterone

Question 20

Which kidney is lower and why?

Answer 20

The right kidney due to the position of the liver

Question 21

Which kidney is larger?

Answer 21

Left

Question 22

What does aldosterone regulate?

Answer 22

Sodium homeostasis

Question 23

What effect does aldosterone have on urine production blood pressure

Answer 23

Decreases urine production and increases blood pressure

Question 24

What is the natural PH of urine?

Answer 24

4.6 to 8.0

Question 25

32. How many renal pyramids are present per kidney?

Answer 25

7 to 17

Question 26

What is the head of the ureter called?

Answer 26

Renal pelvis

Question 27

The site where the renal artery and vein enter the kidney is called the?

Answer 27

Hilum

Question 28

What is the function of the ureter?

Answer 28

To carry urine from the kidney to the bladder

Question 29

Which receptors detect changes in the body’s internal environment such as the decrease in blood levels of oxygen?

Answer 29

Chemoreceptors

Question 30

The production of RBC is called?

Answer 30

Erythropoietin

Question 31

The pigmentation of urine is derived from the breakdown of which cells?

Answer 31

RBC

Question 32

Water enters cells via the process of? Think of cellular transportation.

Answer 32

Osmosis

Question 33

Most reabsorption of water occurs within which loop of the nephron?

Answer 33

The loop of Henle

Question 34

Excessively high levels of RBC are known as?

Answer 34

Polycythaemia

Question 35

48. What do tubules in the nephrons absorb?

Answer 35

The tubules absorb all usable substances and discard of others

Question 36

Which substance is always disposed of? Which substance is always absorbed?

Answer 36

Urea is disposed of. Glucose is retained.

Question 37

Where is glucose stored?

Answer 37

In the liver and muscles

Question 38

What percentage of urine is made from water?

Answer 38

95

Question 39

Name three hormone which have a direct effect on the kidneys

Answer 39

1. Aldosterone 2. Antidiuretic Hormone 3. Atrial natriuretic hormone

Question 40

55. ADH is produced in which part of the brain? *

Answer 40

Hypothalamus

Question 41

Where is ADH stored?

Answer 41

Pituitary gland

Question 42

Which two hormones cause a constriction to the arteries thus increasing blood pressure and reduce urination?

Answer 42

1. Aldosterone | 2. Antidiuretic Hormone

Question 43

Aldosterone signals for the reabsorption of which mineral?

Answer 43

Sodium.

Question 44

Where is Atrial natriuretic Hormone produced?

Answer 44

In the atria of the heart.