Neuro Photos Flashcards by Alicja Hasiec

The first manifestations of ALS
-40% of motor neurons
-5% of motor neurons
-90% of motor neurons
-75% of motor neurons

-40% of motor neurons

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In the case of facial nerve lesion in the region of pontocerebel we perform
-lumbar puncture
-EEG
-BAEP

-BAEP

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Status epileptics is a medical emergency associated with significant mortality and morbidity, (what is not correct?)
-could be the first manifestation of epilepsy
-antimicrobal treatment is required
-benzodiazepines are often the first agent used
-barbiturate induced coma requires ventilation support

-antimicrobal treatment is required

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Which is the most common treatment for epilepsy:
-surgery
-special diet
-an implanted electrical device
-medication

-médication

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Mark the incorrect statement:
-CT of the brain is used in the diagnosis of craniocerebral brain injuries
-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage may be clinically manifested by meningeal syndrom
-… intracerebellar hemmorrhage may occur at the time of injury but also delayed
-… intracerebellar hemorrhage is present only if skullfractjre is also present

-… intracerebellar hemorrhage is present only if skullfractjre is also present

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Mark the correct statement
-the clinical picture of the spinal cord injury at the level of the spinal cord segment C5 leads to … of skeletal respiratory muscles
-injouries in the posterior part of the spinal cord are manifested by syryngomyelic dissociation
-injuries in the thoracic spinal cord leads to paraplégies of the upper limbs
-clinical picture of spinal cord injury at the level of spinal cord segment C5 leads to quadripelagia

clinical picture of spinal cord injury at the level of spinal cord segment C5 leads to quadripelagia

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Mark the incorrect statement statement about Huntingtons diseas:
-the treatment is only symptomatic
-it is confirmed by genetic testing
-is caused by defect in the metabolism of cooper
-brain mri shows atrophy of nucleus caudate

is caused by defect in the metabolism of cooper

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In the case of carpal tunnel syndrome
-typically there are night paresthesias and dysesthesias which may wake the patient from sleep
-the cause is the lesion of the ulnar nerve
-thumb movement is preserved
-it is caused by compression of the median nerve in the Guyon’s canal

typically there are night paresthesias and dysesthesias which may wake the patient from sleep

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For radial nerve lesion is correct
- leads to weakening of finger flexion and thumb adduction
-dysfunction of sensitivity is localized on the dorsal side of the hand to the region between the 4th and the 5th metacarpus
-compression syndrome of the radial nerve manifests as the so-called pronator syndrome
-“swan-neck” deformity is present

-dysfunction of sensitivity is localized on the dorsal side of the hand to the region between the 4th and the 5th metacarpus

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Treatment of radicular syndromes
-should comprise physiotherapy with the training of correct movement patterns immediately in the acute stage
-is always surgical
-comprises also the administration of local anaesthetics by inhalation
-is complex, in the beginning is focused on reducing pain most commonly by using anti- inflammatory, myorelaxant and anticonvulsive drugs

is complex, in the beginning is focused on reducing pain most commonly by using anti- inflammatory, myorelaxant and anticonvulsive drugs

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Radicular syndrome at the C5 level manifests clinically with
-localized pain in the region of the neck vertebral column, radiating through the lateral side of the shoulder, weakened abduction at the shoulder joint, weakened flexion and supination at the elbow joint and decreased triceps reflex
-localized pain in the region of the neck vertebral column, radiating through the lateral side of the shoulder, weakened extension at the elbow joint and decreased biceps reflex
-localized pain in the region of the neck vertebral column, radiating through the lateral side of the shoulder, weakened abduction at the shoulder joint, weakened flexion at the elbow joint and decreased biceps reflex
-localized pain in the region of the neck vertebral column, radiating through the inner medial side of the shoulder, weakened abduction at the shoulder joint, weakened flexion and supination at the elbow joint and decreased flexor finger reflex

localized pain in the region of the neck vertebral column, radiating through the lateral side of the shoulder, weakened abduction at the shoulder joint, weakened flexion at the elbow joint and decreased biceps reflex

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Cardioembolic stroke represents from ischemic strokes
-50%
-80%
-20%
-30%

20%

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Antidotum Idarucizumab is used in haemorrhagic complications in patients treated by
-vitamine K antagonists
-Apixaban
-Heparine
-Dabigatran

-Dabigatran

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Which finding in the brain MRI accompanies Wernicke’s encephalopathy?
-expansive T2 hyperintense lesions frontal subcortically
-multiple small ischemic lesions infratentorial
-atrophy of the hippocampal regions
-small haemorrhages in the region of the mammillary bodies and around the third and fourth ventricles

-small haemorrhages in the region of the mammillary bodies and around the third and fourth ventricles

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Recurrent hypoglycaemia in the case of badly compensated diabetes may in the long-term lead to :
-all of the other answers are correct
-decrease in cognitive functions, development of dementia
-decrease in the risk of strokes
-amnestic syndrome related to Wernicke encephalopathy

-decrease in cognitive functions, development of dementia

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Secondary prevention in patients after overcoming ischemic stroke without atrial fibrillation is
-anticoagulant + atorvastatinX
-LMWH (low molecular weight heparin) + atorvastatin
-antiplatelet + atorvastatin
-anticoagulants

antiplatelet + atorvastatin

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Stroke is:
-transient and rapid developing focal loss of brain functions as a result of impaired cerebrovascular …
-sudden onset of globally developing focal loss of brain functions as a result of impaired cerebrovascular …
-sudden onset and rapidly developing focal loss of brain functions as a result of impaired cerebrovascular …
-sudden onset and slowly developing focal loss of brain functions as a result of impaired cerebrovascular …

-sudden onset and rapidly developing focal loss of brain functions as a result of impaired cerebrovascular …

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Tumor treatment options are
-radiotherapy, chemotherapy, stereotactic neurosurgery and surgery -craniotomy and surgery only
-stereotactic neurosurgery only
+radiotherapy and chemotherapy

-radiotherapy, chemotherapy, stereotactic neurosurgery and surgery

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Position-dependent headache is typical for
-glioblastoma multiforme
-pituitary adenoma
-meningioma
-ependymoma

meningioma

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What belongs to the clinical picture of Myasthenia gravis?
-abnormal tiredness, with a typical worsening with night
-progression ptosis of the eyelids
-all of the other answers are correct
-dysarthria, dysphagia

dysarthria, dysphagia

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Myasthenia gravis is
an autoimmune disorder
an infectious disorder
a genetically conditioned disorder
a neurodegenerative disorder

an autoimmune disorder

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Choose the incorrect statement about Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome
-it was described in Italian consumers of red wine
-is caused by deficiency of vitamin B1
-manifests itself with confusion, epileptic seizures, loss of consciousness, may lead to dementia
-demyelination of the corpus callosum is present

-is caused by deficiency of vitamin B1

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Which of the following leads to central pontine myelinolysis?
-increased levels of ammonia in the blood
-recurrent acute hypoglycaemia
-insufficiency of vitamin B1
-rapid correction of hyponatremia(frequently in chronic alcoholics)

-rapid correction of hyponatremia(frequently in chronic alcoholics)

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Among the clinical manifestations of the radiculalgie syndrome does not belong:
-spasticity in the corresponding myetome
-pain in the corresponding dermatome
-sensation changes in the corresponding dermatome
-positive sign of irritation/stretching maneuvers

-spasticity in the corresponding myetome

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For the treatment of moderate to severe migraine attacks are used triptans CGRP beta-blockers topiramate

triptans

Alzheimer's disease has the most significant deficit of dopamine serotonin acetycholine glutamate

acetycholine

Mark the correct statement -in contusio cerebri, the CT finding of the brain is negative -contusio cerebri is a reversible global disorder of brain function without structural changes in brain tissue -unconsciousness together with focal neurological deficit may be clinical manifestations of contusio cerebri -focal neurological deficit is not part of the clinical finding in contusio cerebri

-unconsciousness together with focal neurological deficit may be clinical manifestations of contusio cerebri

Mark the correct statement -brain concussion (Mild traumatic brain injury, mTBI) manifests clinically as confusion and/or disorientation, unconsciousness (if present) lasting up to 180 minutes and post-traumatic amnesia lasting up to 72 hours -brain concussion (Mild traumatic brain injury, mTBI) manifests clinically as confusion and/or disorientation, unconsciousness (if present) lasting up to 60 minutes and post-traumatic amnesia lasting up to 24 hours -epidural haemorrhage is of arterial origin, the clinical picture of the patient progresses rapidly, the most common manifestation is an epileptic seizure -contusio cerebri (Mild brain injury, AMD) may be clinically manifested by a disorder of consciousness together with focal neurological symptoms, hyperdensive areas are present in the brain CT finding

-contusio cerebri (Mild brain injury, AMD) may be clinically manifested by a disorder of consciousness together with focal neurological symptoms, hyperdensive areas are present in the brain CT finding

What may be a manifestation of alcohol withdrawal? -delirium tremens with onset after more than 5 days without alcohol -after some days of alcohol abuse – headache, without influence on the cardiovascular system -in the case of heavy abuse – epileptic seizures, hallucinations -in the case of an isolated excess – bradycardia, hallucinations

in the case of heavy abuse – epileptic seizures, hallucinations

Which disorder of electrolytes leads to brain edema -hyponatremia

-hyponatremia

Which cells of the CNS form the hematoencephalic barrier A, microglia B, astrocytes C. Oligodendrocytes D. Ependymak cells

B, astrocytes

Neurolues manifest as A. Dementia pugilistica B. Aseptic meningitis C, all answers D, tables dorsalis

C, all answers

For the treatment of moderate to severe migraine attacks are used A. triptans B. CGRP C. beta-blockers D. topiramate

A. triptans

Alzheimer's disease has the most significant deficit of A. dopamine B. serotonin C. acetycholine D. glutamate

C. acetycholine

Parkinson’s disease can be distinguished from atypical neurodegenerative parkinsonism (e.g. Multiple system atrophy or Progressive supranuclear palsy) by brain A. perfusion SPECT B. DaT scan C. IBZM SPECT (D2 receptors) D. Transcranial brain sonography

B. DaT scan

All of the following medications are used to treat restless legs syndrome except ropinirole dopamine agonists carbamazepine levodopa

carbamazepine

Compared to a healthy person, how much more sleep does a patient with epilepsy need? three hours no extra sleep two hours one hour

no extra sleep

Which extrapyramidal symptomatology occurs in the case of uremic encephalopathy A.Parkinsonism B.tics C.multifocal myoclonus D.generalized dystonia

A.Parkinsonism

Mark the incorrect statement for the central lesion of the facial nerve A. drooping of the mouth corner on the ipsilateral half of the face according to the lesion site B. drooping of the mouth corner on the contralateral half of the face according to the lesion site C. atrophies and fasciculations are missing D. occurrence in hemispheric lesions

A. drooping of the mouth corner on the ipsilateral half of the face according to the lesion site

CT-angiography in case of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) A. is not used at all B. is commonly performed in pregnant patients C. is used mainly to determinate the source of bleeding D. is not performed in acute stage of SAH

C. is used mainly to determinate the source of bleeding

Surgical evaluation of intracerebral hemorrhage is indicated A. Because mid brain hemorrhage B. in case of cortical hemorrhage C. In case of pontine hemorrhage D. In case of hemorrhage with deep train

B. in case of cortical hemorrhage

Multiple sclerosis is treated causally for a long time with A. immunomodulators and immunosuppressants B. antibiotics and anticonvulsants C.immunosuppressants and antibiotics D. antibiotics, antivirotics, and monoclonal antibodies

A. immunomodulators and immunosuppressants

Mark the incorrect statement A. the cause of functional disorders of the vertebral column are functional blockades of joints or overload of the back muscles B. radicular syndrome is characterised by localised pain in one or multiple segments without radiating pain to the extremities C. segmental syndrome is characterised by localised pain in one or multiple segments of the vertebral column without radiating pain to the extremities D. disorders of the vertebral column of a degenerative nature are caused by degenerative changes in the intervertebral disks, vertebral bodies and facet joints

B. radicular syndrome is characterised by localised pain in one or multiple segments without radiating pain to the extremities

So called secondary trigeminal neuralgia is not caused by complicated sinusitis meningioma or schwannoma of a pontocerebelllar angle falx meningioma dental abscess

falx meningioma

Headache in migraine is always of milder intensity throbbing, worsened by exertion triggered by a soft touch in a particular facial area always preceded by aura

throbbing, worsened by exertion

For polymyositis it is correct A. the patient complains of neck weakness and weakness of the B. proximal limb muscles, dyspnoea may develop typically it affects older patients C. all of the other answers are correct D. sometimes additional malignant tumours are found

C. all of the other answers are correct

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is: A. A common autoimmune disease with brain only involvement B. A common autoimmune disease with spinal cord involvement C. A rare disease of children, post-infectious or post-vaccination inflammation D. A rare cns disease with brain and spinal cord involvement

D. A rare cns disease with brain and spinal cord involvement

Myelitis as manifestation of multiple sclerosis has not feature A. A banded feeling of squeezeing on the trunk and/or limbs B. Impaired motor functions and sensibility below the spinal segment - site of the l’évasion C.impaired urinary control D. Blurred vision

D. Blurred vision

Mark incorrect statement about Huntington’s disease brain MRI shows atrophy of nucleus caudatus it is confirmed by genetic testing is caused by defect in the metabolism of a copper the treatment is only symptomatic

is caused by defect in the metabolism of a copper

Multiple sclerosis is A. chronic brain disease with damage to small blood vessels by the inflammatory process B. chronic disease of the CNS, in which the dysimmune process leads to damage to myelin and axons C. dysimmune CNS disease with a monophasic course, dysimmune processes lead to myelin damage of neurons D. chronic CNS disease affecting myelin and neuronal axons, occurring predominantly in children after some infections

B. chronic disease of the CNS, in which the dysimmune process leads to damage to myelin and axons

What does not generally belong to the clinical picture of myopathy: A, pseudohypertfophy of the calf muscle B. Hyperreflexia C. Paresis D. Atrophy of the deltoid muscles

B. Hyperreflexia

Which of the following tests/symptoms does not belong among the stress tests in the diagnosis of Myasthenia gravis? Gorelick’s sign Simpson’s test Seman’s test Graefe’s sign

Graefe’s sign

Which of the following options represents the explanation of the so-called Gorelick's symptom in the diagnosis of Myasthenia gravis? A. in the case of mild ptosis, if the patient looks upwards for 1 min., it leads to the worsening of the ptosis B. reading aloud induces a disorder of speech and phonation C. if the patient looks upwards and with the finger elevates the eyelid on the side with the more significant ptosis, then on the contralateral side it leads to complete drooping in a couple of seconds D. none of the other answers is correct

C. if the patient looks upwards and with the finger elevates the eyelid on the side with the more significant ptosis, then on the contralateral side it leads to complete drooping in a couple of seconds

Which of the following symptoms is typical for multiple system atrophy? A. apraxia B. dementia C. autonomic dysfunction (e.g. orthostatic hypotension) D. abnormal vertical occular saccades

C. autonomic dysfunction (e.g. orthostatic hypotension)

Which drug must be tried in young-onset dystonia? triptans calcium channel blocker levodopa citalopram

levodopa

For radial nerve lesion is correct A. leads to weakening of finger flexion and thumb adduction B. dysfunction of sensitivity is localized on the dorsal side of the hand to the region between the 4th and the 5th metacarpus C. compression syndrome of the radial nerve manifests as the so-called pronator syndrome D. “swan-neck” deformity is present

B. dysfunction of sensitivity is localized on the dorsal side of the hand to the region between the 4th and the 5th metacarpus

In the case of carpal tunnel syndrome A. typically there are night paresthesias and dysesthesias which may wake the patient from sleep B. thumb movement is preserved C. it is caused by compression of the median nerve in the Guyon’s canal D. the cause is the lesion of the ulnar nerve

A. typically there are night paresthesias and dysesthesias which may wake the patient from sleep

Does not apply to endovascular treatment in patients with ischemic stroke A. is contraindicated in patients with early signs of ischemia B. is indicated within 6 hours C. is indicated within 24 hours when perfusion CT of the brain is D. completed is always administered only after intravenous thrombolysis

D. completed is always administered only after intravenous thrombolysis

Which are the treatable causes of dementia? thrombocytopenia polyradiculoneuritis hypovitaminosis D hypothyroidism

hypothyroidism

Which of the following statements is not true? A. vascular dementia is characterized by a sudden onset and gradual progression of cognitive deficit B, repeated complex visual hallucinations are typical for FTD (frontotemporal degeneration) C. neuronal loss in the hippocampus is typical for Alzheimer's disease D. cognitive fluctuations with changes in alertness and attention is typical for LBD (Lewy body dementia)

D. cognitive fluctuations with changes in alertness and attention is typical for LBD (Lewy body dementia)

Epilepsy is A. a glutamate overproduction B. a tendency to experience recurrent, unprovoked seizures C. a rare neurological disease D. abnormal, uncontrolled electrical activity in brain cells

B. a tendency to experience recurrent, unprovoked seizures

The first and most important step for diagnosis of manifest Parkinson’s disease is A. abnormal brain MRI B. pathological DaT scan C. presence of resting tremor D. presence of parkinsonism (bradykinesia)

D. presence of parkinsonism (bradykinesia)

Mark the correct statement A. contusio cerebri (Mild brain injury, AMD) may be clinically manifested by a disorder of consciousness together with focal neurological symptoms, hyperdensive areas are present in the brain CT finding B. brain concussion (Mild traumatic brain injury, mTBI) manifests clinically as confusion and/or disorientation, unconsciousness (if present) lasting up to 60 minutes and post-traumatic amnesia lasting up to 24 hours C. epidural haemorrhage is of arterial origin, the clinical picture of the patient progresses rapidly, the most common manifestation is an epileptic seizure D. brain concussion (Mild traumatic brain injury, mTBI) manifests clinically as confusion and/or disorientation, unconsciousness (if present) lasting up to 180 minutes and post-traumatic amnesia lasting up to 72 hours

B. brain concussion (Mild traumatic brain injury, mTBI) manifests clinically as confusion and/or disorientation, unconsciousness (if present) lasting up to 60 minutes and post-traumatic amnesia lasting up to 24 hours

Which of the following symptoms is not present in patients with FTD (frontotemporal degeneration)? A. dyssexecutive-behavioral syndrome B. progressive motor aphasia C. anomia D. visual hallucinations

D. visual hallucinations

Which treatment is used in Alzheimer's disease? amitriptyline natalizumab rivastigmine levodopa

rivastigmine

Which of the following symptoms is not present in patients with FTDm A. Anomia B. Visual hallucinations C. Progressive motor aphasia D. Dyssexecution behavioral syndrome

B. Visual hallucinations

Diagnostic tests for epilepsy include all of the following except Wada test brain scan EEG simple blood tests

simple blood tests

For dermatomyositis it is correct A. typically it affects young patients B. the patient complains of progressive muscle weakness in the hip, shoulder, trunk, and later in the neck C. all of the other answers are correct D. skin changes are also present – erythema of the eyelids, erythema over the extensors, periorbital edema

C. all of the other answers are correct

Secondary prevention in patients after overcoming ischemic stroke without atrial fibrillation is A. anticoagulant, we prefer direct oral anticoagulants B. LMWH (low molecular weight heparin) C. antiplatelets D. anticoagulants, we prefer warfarin

C. antiplatelets

In patients after overcoming ischemic stroke with AF, administration of oral anticoagulants is… A. Recommended for lobar bleeding B. Indicated one week after bleeding C. Contraindicated D. Is recommended et in patients with hypertonic bleeding with well-controlled atrial fibrillation

D. Is recommended et in patients with hypertonic bleeding with well-controlled atrial fibrillation

Regarding Neurosyphilis, which of the following statements is incorrect? A. asymptomatic neurosyphilis means that neurosyphilis is present, but the individual reports no symptoms and does not feel sick B. it occurs in people with syphilis, especially if they are left untreated C. signs of neurosyphylis include vision loss, loss of reflexes and loss of sense of vibration, poor gait, and impaired balance D. is a exclusively a disease of brain and meninges

D. is a exclusively a disease of brain and meninges

Focal clonic seizure known as a Jacksonian march can be a symptom of a tumor in the frontal lobe in pons Varoli in the occipital lobe in the brain

in the frontal lobe

The most common tumors in adults are A. meningiomas, neurinomas, pituitary tumors B. meningiomas, glioblastomas, pituitary tumors C. ependymomas, neurinomas, meningiomas D. glioblastomas, neurinomas, pituitary tumors

B. meningiomas, glioblastomas, pituitary tumors

We do not include among treatable causes of dementia Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease hypovitaminosis B12 normotensive hydrocephalus hypothyroidism

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Dementia is characterized by A. Progressive bulbar palsy B. Cognitive disorders and behavioral changes that interferes with everyday life C. Cognitive impairment and behavioral changes that do not interfere with everyday life D. Isolated memory failure

B. Cognitive disorders and behavioral changes that interferes with everyday life

Meningeal carcinomatosis A. is infiltration og meninges by malignant cells from brain tissue tumors B. is manifested mainly by focal lesions of the nervous system C. is manifested by an increase in the level of sugars in the cerebrospinal fluid D. may be the first manifestation of malignancy outside the nervous system

D. may be the first manifestation of malignancy outside the nervous system

Cervical monoparesis of lower extremity is typical for: A. Méninge a of the pontocerebellar angle B. Pituary adenoma C. 4th ventricle ependymoma D. Parasagittal meningoma

Neuro Photos Flashcards

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