Neuro physio

Question 1

Creates myelin in CNS

Answer 1

Oligodendrocytes

Schwann cells in PnS

Question 2

Unmyelinated portions of axons

Answer 2

Nodes of ranvier

Question 3

Where action potential in neuron starts

Answer 3

Axon hillock

Question 4

Terminal portion that contains vesicles with neurotransmitter

Answer 4

Terminal bouton or end feet or axon terminal

Question 5

Death of axon distal to the site of injury after an axon is transected

Answer 5

Wallerian or anterograde or orthograde degeneration

Question 6

Purpose of retrograde axonal transport

Answer 6

Recycles synaptic vesicle membrane for lysosomal degradation

Question 7

Which NT is deficient in Alzheimer disease

Answer 7

Ach

Question 8

Dopamine is degraded by ________ in presynaptic nerve terminals

Answer 8

MAO

COMT In liver

Question 9

Which part of the pons secretes norepinephrine

Answer 9

Locus ceruleus

Question 10

Serotonin Is secreted mainly by ________

Answer 10

Median raphe of brain stem

Question 11

Serotonin is derivative of which AA

Answer 11

Tryptophan

Melatonin Serotonin niacin

Question 12

Serotonin is converted to __________ in the pineal gland

Answer 12

Melatonin

Question 13

Nitric oxide: inhibitory. True or false?

Answer 13

True!

Derived from arginine

Question 14

Histamine is found mainly in the

Answer 14

Tuberomamillary nucleus of the hypothalamus

Question 15

Number one inhibitory NT in the brain

Answer 15

GABA

Question 16

RMP

Answer 16

-70mV

Question 17

Main contributor to RMP

Answer 17

Nernst Potential

Question 18

Membrane potential at which action potential is inevitable

Answer 18

Threshold

Question 19

Depolarization is caused by

Answer 19

Na influx to the cell via opening of sodium activation gates

Question 20

Repolarization is caused by

Answer 20

K+ efflux –> inside of the cell more negative

Question 21

Two or more presynaptic inputs arrive simultaneously

Answer 21

Spatial Summation

Question 22

Two or more presynaptic inputs arrive in rapid or successive fashin

Answer 22

Temporal summation

Question 23

Nerve fiber for slow pain and temperature

Answer 23

Type C

Question 24

Lesions in __________ cause anterograde amnesia

Answer 24

Hippocampus

Question 25

Lesions in ________ cause retrograde amnesia

Answer 25

Thalamus | Loss of pre existing memories

Question 26

Satiety center

Answer 26

Ventromedial nuclei

Question 27

Sweating

Answer 27

Anterior hypothalamus

Question 28

Master clock

Answer 28

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 29

True or false: melatonin decreased by darkness

Answer 29

False! Increased by darkness Inhibited by daylight

Question 30

Secretion of muramyl peptide causes _______

Answer 30

Sleep

Question 31

______ waves are predominant in REM sleep

Answer 31

Beta

Question 32

Stage 2 sleep characterized by

Answer 32

Theta waves Sleep spindles K complexes

Question 33

Sympathetic preganglionic neuron

Answer 33

Thoracolumbar distribution Para is craniosacral

Question 34

Effect of sympathetic NS on bronchioles

Answer 34

Dilates via B2 receptors

Question 35

NT on all preganglionic neurons

Answer 35

Acetylcholine

Question 36

Parasympathetic cranial nerves

Answer 36

CN X IX VII III 10973

Question 37

No parasympathetic fibers in these organs

Answer 37

Ventricles of heart Almost all blood vessels Pregnant uterus

Question 38

Renin secretion is mediated by _________ NS

Answer 38

Sympathetic

Question 39

Contraction of radial muscle cause _______

Answer 39

Mydriasis --> increase pupil size

Question 40

Miosis is caused by _______ NS due to contraction of ________

Answer 40

Parasympathetic NS | Contraction of circular muscle

Question 41

Contraction of CILIARY muscle is for _______ vision and mediated by _________ NS

Answer 41

Near vision | Parasympathetic

Question 42

B3 receptor found in

Answer 42

Brown fat

Question 43

Macrophage of brain

Answer 43

Microglia