Renal physio

Question 1

Parts of kidney from medial to lateral

Answer 1

Pelvis –> calyces –> papilla –> medulla –> cortex –> capsule

Question 2

Renal circulation (arterial)

Answer 2

Renal artery&raquo_space; segmental&raquo_space; interlobar&raquo_space; arcuate&raquo_space; interlobular (radial)&raquo_space; afferent arteriole&raquo_space; glomerular capillaries&raquo_space; efferent arteriole

Question 3

Renal circulation (venous)

Answer 3

Efferent arteriole&raquo_space; peritubular capillaries or vasa recta&raquo_space; interlobular vein&raquo_space; arcuate vein&raquo_space; interlobar vein&raquo_space; renal vein

Question 4

Only capillaries in the body that leads to arterioles

Answer 4

Glomerular capillaries

Question 5

Capacity of urinary bladder

Answer 5

600mL

Question 6

Main charge barrier

Answer 6

Basement membrane negatively charged

Question 7

Cells of capillary endothelium

Answer 7

Podocytes

Question 8

Secrete renin and found on the walls of afferent arterioles

Answer 8

juxtaglomerular cells

Question 9

Monitor sodium concentration in DCT

Answer 9

Macula Densa

Question 10

Highly fenestrated and secrete nitric oxide and endothelin

Answer 10

Capillary endothelium

Question 11

JG cell found in the ________

Answer 11

Afferent arteriole

Question 12

Substance which is filtered only

Answer 12

Inulin

Creatinine

Question 13

Filtered and completely reabsorbed

Answer 13

Glucose

Amino Acids

Question 14

Filtered and secreted

Answer 14

PAH

Organic acid and bases

Question 15

Hormone that will preserve GFR

Answer 15

Angiotensin II

Question 16

Percentage of solute reabsorbed is held constant

Answer 16

Glomerulotubular balance

Question 17

Which mechanism maintains GFR at a constant 125ml/min

Answer 17

Macula Densa Feedback

Tubuloglomerular feedback

Question 18

Which substance vasodilate afferent arteriole

Answer 18

Nitric oxide

Question 19

If BP is high in which there is increased GFR, macula densa increases secretion of ________ which constricts the ________ arteriole

Answer 19

Adenosine

Afferent arteriole

Question 20

Micturition center is found in the _____

Answer 20

Pons

Question 21

Thirst center found in the ________

Answer 21

Anteroventral wall of 3rd ventricle and Preoptic nuclei

Question 22

Countercurrent multiplier

Answer 22

Loop of Henle

Creates the corticopapillary osmotic gradient

Question 23

Counter current exchanger

Answer 23

Vasa recta

Question 24

Substance used to estimate renal blood flow and renal plasma flow

Answer 24

PAH

Question 25

Substance whose clearance is used to estimate GFR

Answer 25

Inulin | BUN Crea

Question 26

Factors that shift K into the cells

Answer 26

Insulin Aldosterone B adrenergic agonist Alkalosis

Question 27

In the DCT, K is secreted by

Answer 27

Principal cells

Question 28

Acidosis results to hyper or hypocalcemia?

Answer 28

Hypercalcemia

Question 29

Where final urine output and urine concentration is determined

Answer 29

Collecting duct

Question 30

Which substance determine osmolarity at the tip of loop of Henle

Answer 30

Urea

Question 31

Intercalated cells in the DCT secrete

Answer 31

H+

Question 32

Powerhouse of nephron

Answer 32

PCT

Question 33

Levels of _______ determine final urine output and urine concentration

Answer 33

ADH | Vasopressin

Question 34

Bowman space oncotic pressure = ?

Answer 34

0

Question 35

Bowman space hydrostatic pressure is increased by ?

Answer 35

Urinary tract obstruction e.g. Stones

Question 36

Diluting segment

Answer 36

Thick asc limb

Question 37

Site of action of thiazide diuretics

Answer 37

Early distal tubule

Question 38

Site of action of loop diuretics

Answer 38

Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

Question 39

Cortical diluting segment

Answer 39

Early distal tubule

Question 40

Which hormone inhibits phosphate reabsorption in PCT

Answer 40

PTH

Question 41

Gradient time transport is exhibited by

Answer 41

All passively transported solutes - Cl urea | Some actively transported solutes - Na in PCT

Question 42

Intrinsic ability of tubules to increase their reabsorption rate when there is increased solute load

Answer 42

Glomerulotubular balance

Question 43

Functional and structural unit of kidney

Answer 43

Nephron