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Physiology > Renal physio > Flashcards

Renal physio Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of kidney from medial to lateral

A

Pelvis –> calyces –> papilla –> medulla –> cortex –> capsule

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2
Q

Renal circulation (arterial)

A

Renal artery&raquo_space; segmental&raquo_space; interlobar&raquo_space; arcuate&raquo_space; interlobular (radial)&raquo_space; afferent arteriole&raquo_space; glomerular capillaries&raquo_space; efferent arteriole

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3
Q

Renal circulation (venous)

A

Efferent arteriole&raquo_space; peritubular capillaries or vasa recta&raquo_space; interlobular vein&raquo_space; arcuate vein&raquo_space; interlobar vein&raquo_space; renal vein

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4
Q

Only capillaries in the body that leads to arterioles

A

Glomerular capillaries

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5
Q

Capacity of urinary bladder

A

600mL

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6
Q

Main charge barrier

A

Basement membrane negatively charged

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7
Q

Cells of capillary endothelium

A

Podocytes

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8
Q

Secrete renin and found on the walls of afferent arterioles

A

juxtaglomerular cells

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9
Q

Monitor sodium concentration in DCT

A

Macula Densa

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10
Q

Highly fenestrated and secrete nitric oxide and endothelin

A

Capillary endothelium

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11
Q

JG cell found in the ________

A

Afferent arteriole

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12
Q

Substance which is filtered only

A

Inulin

Creatinine

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13
Q

Filtered and completely reabsorbed

A

Glucose

Amino Acids

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14
Q

Filtered and secreted

A

PAH

Organic acid and bases

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15
Q

Hormone that will preserve GFR

A

Angiotensin II

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16
Q

Percentage of solute reabsorbed is held constant

A

Glomerulotubular balance

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17
Q

Which mechanism maintains GFR at a constant 125ml/min

A

Macula Densa Feedback

Tubuloglomerular feedback

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18
Q

Which substance vasodilate afferent arteriole

A

Nitric oxide

19
Q

If BP is high in which there is increased GFR, macula densa increases secretion of ________ which constricts the ________ arteriole

A

Adenosine

Afferent arteriole

20
Q

Micturition center is found in the _____

A

Pons

21
Q

Thirst center found in the ________

A

Anteroventral wall of 3rd ventricle and Preoptic nuclei

22
Q

Countercurrent multiplier

A

Loop of Henle

Creates the corticopapillary osmotic gradient

23
Q

Counter current exchanger

A

Vasa recta

24
Q

Substance used to estimate renal blood flow and renal plasma flow

A

PAH

25
Q

Substance whose clearance is used to estimate GFR

A

Inulin

BUN Crea

26
Q

Factors that shift K into the cells

A

Insulin
Aldosterone
B adrenergic agonist
Alkalosis

27
Q

In the DCT, K is secreted by

A

Principal cells

28
Q

Acidosis results to hyper or hypocalcemia?

A

Hypercalcemia

29
Q

Where final urine output and urine concentration is determined

A

Collecting duct

30
Q

Which substance determine osmolarity at the tip of loop of Henle

A

Urea

31
Q

Intercalated cells in the DCT secrete

A

H+

32
Q

Powerhouse of nephron

A

PCT

33
Q

Levels of _______ determine final urine output and urine concentration

A

ADH

Vasopressin

34
Q

Bowman space oncotic pressure = ?

A

0

35
Q

Bowman space hydrostatic pressure is increased by ?

A

Urinary tract obstruction e.g. Stones

36
Q

Diluting segment

A

Thick asc limb

37
Q

Site of action of thiazide diuretics

A

Early distal tubule

38
Q

Site of action of loop diuretics

A

Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

39
Q

Cortical diluting segment

A

Early distal tubule

40
Q

Which hormone inhibits phosphate reabsorption in PCT

A

PTH

41
Q

Gradient time transport is exhibited by

A

All passively transported solutes - Cl urea

Some actively transported solutes - Na in PCT

42
Q

Intrinsic ability of tubules to increase their reabsorption rate when there is increased solute load

A

Glomerulotubular balance

43
Q

Functional and structural unit of kidney

A

Nephron

Physiology (10 decks)

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