NEURO/PSYCH

Question 1

What are the manifestations of thrombosis/dissection of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery?

Answer 1

Results in lateral medullary syndrome. Manifestations include hoarseness, dysphagia, absent pain and temperature sensation from the ipsilateral face and contralateral body, vomiting, vertigo, and ataxia.
Patients with lateral medullary syndrome also may present with an ipsilateral Horner syndrome (ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis).

Question 2

What is Kluver-Bucy syndrome?

Answer 2

Klüver-Bucy syndrome is associated with bilateral lesions of the amygdala. It presents with hypersexuality, hyperorality, and disinhibited behavior.

Question 3

What is pronator drift?

Answer 3

pronator drift is an upper motor neuron lesion sign.

Question 4

What are the signs of cocaine toxicity?

Answer 4

Cocaine toxicity produces a hyperadrenergic state characterized by hypertension, tachycardia, seizures, dyspnea, and ventricular arrhythmias

Question 5

What is Maple Syrup Urine disease (MSUD) and what is the treatment?

Answer 5

MSUD is caused by a deficiency in α-keto acid dehydrogenase, leading to accumulation of the branched-chain amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine. Treatment is to avoid these three amino acids in the diet.

Question 6

What disease is characterized by a lack of alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase?

Answer 6

maple syrup urine disease

Question 7

What is ALS?

Answer 7

ALS is a chronic progressive degenerative disease that typically presents with asymmetric, slowly progressive weakness that affects the arms, legs, and cranial nerves

It is characterized by death of UMNs and LMNs in the lateral corticospinal tracts.

Question 8

What is the underlying mechanism of diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 8

The underlying mechanism behind the visual disturbances in NPDR is macular edema as a result of microaneurysm formation and hemorrhage from fragile vessels.

Question 9

What are the features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

Answer 9

hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic instability (hypertension, tachycardia), and mental status changes.

Question 10

Damage to _______ artery results in Broca’s aphasia

Answer 10

superior division of the MCA

Question 11

Receptive aphasia may be caused by a stroke involving the ____

Answer 11

inferior division of the MCA.

Question 12

Which form of neurofibromatosis is most likely to present with dermatologic signs?

Answer 12

NF 1

Question 13

The Broca language area is located in the ___ in the dominant hemisphere

Answer 13

inferior frontal gyrus

Question 14

Damage to the ____ can lead to Wernicke aphasia

Answer 14

left superior temporal gyrus