Neuro Quiz 1 Pharmacology Pharmakinetics

Question 1

Graded-dose response

Answer 1

A graph showing the dosage of drug and its response.

Question 2

Efficacy

Answer 2

The maximal pharmacological effect a drug can produce

Emax

Question 3

Potency

Answer 3

The amount of drug needed to produce a given affect used to differentiate a group of drugs

Less amount need to reach its effect or saturation the more potent

Question 4

Partial agonist

Answer 4

Competes for the binding site. partially as effective as agonist no matter its concentration

Question 5

Inverse agonist

Answer 5

produce an opposite effect of the agonist

Question 6

Physical antagonist

Answer 6

binds to the drug preventing it from being absorbed

Question 7

Chemical antagonist

Answer 7

combines with the substance chemically

Question 8

Physiological antagonist

Answer 8

Produces an opposing affect, however the ligand binds at a different receptor

Question 9

Competitive antagonist

Answer 9

The antagonistic ligand competes for the agonist binding site.

This can be overcome by increasing the concentration

Can be seen with a shift to the right on a curve (requires greater concentration)

Question 10

Noncompetitive antagonist

Answer 10

Blocks the agonist’s binding site, this will cause a decrease in efficacy of the drug.

Even at greater concentration, the efficacy will still be low

Question 11

E50

Answer 11

50% effectiveness of the drug

Question 12

Synergistic

Answer 12

When the action of one drug facilitates or enhances the other

Csn be in different directions

Question 13

Additive

Answer 13

The effect of two drugs in the same direction and adds up

Question 14

Calculation of concentration of the drug attained at the site of action

Answer 14

BW(kg)/70 x average adult dose

Question 15

Drugs with low therapeutic window

Answer 15

require blood work because it is very easy to reach a lethal dose
ex. warfarin

Penicillin has a high therapeutic window

Question 16

LD 50

Answer 16

median lethal dose

Question 17

Which of the following terms appropriately matches with the maximal response obtained by a drug treatment?

Answer 17

Efficacy

Question 18

Which of the following terms represent the ratio of the toxic dose to the therapeutic dose?

Answer 18

therapeutic index

Question 19

Definition of a drug

Answer 19

a chemical substance that interacts with a receptor to produce a physiological effect REGARDLESS IF THE EFFECT IS BENEFICIAL

Question 20

Complex formation

Answer 20

The solubility of some low soluble drug molecules can be increased by formation a complex with another drug molecule

Question 21

Pharmalogical effect of the drug

Answer 21

The drug’s effect on blood flow and transition time of drug in the GI tract

Question 22

Bioequivalence

Answer 22

two drugs show similar biovalibility and time to peak blood concentration

Question 23

therapeutic equivalence

Answer 23

two drugs show similar efficacy and safety

Question 24

Volume of distribution (V)

Answer 24

How the drug is distributed in the body

V= dose administered / plasma concentration

Question 25

The most important protein that binds to drugs and mainly acidic drugs

Answer 25

albumin

Question 26

loading dose (DL)

Answer 26

Initial dose intends to reach Css before secondary dose is given DL=Css x Vd Vd= drug distribution Css= intended plasma concentration

Question 27

steady state

Answer 27

rate of administration = rate of elimination rate of administration= clearance x plasma concentration

Question 28

Metabolism of a drug

Answer 28

also known as biotransformation Changing, decreasing toxicity amd accelerating the excretion of the drug.

Question 29

phase I (non-synthetic) metabolism

Answer 29

Metabolism of the drug by adding or removing a functional group

Question 30

phase II (synthetic)

Answer 30

a conjugate is attached to the drug making it WATER soluble

Question 31

Oxidation reactions

Answer 31

Mainly occurs in the liver Low substrate specificity Shows high affinity to lipophilic molecules NADPH and molecular oxygen is required

Question 32

FAD is required additional to NADPH for which reactions?

Answer 32

Reduction and Hydrolysis

Question 33

Hydrolysis reactions

Answer 33

A group from the drug molecule is broken down into two smaller molecules

Question 34

Clearance (CL)

Answer 34

Rate of elimination of a drug divided by its plasma concentration.