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D1 Neuro > Neuro Quiz 1 Pharmacology Pharmakinetics > Flashcards

Neuro Quiz 1 Pharmacology Pharmakinetics Flashcards

Review materials for Neuro quiz 1Nayanda's Lectures

1
Q

Graded-dose response

A

A graph showing the dosage of drug and its response.

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2
Q

Efficacy

A

The maximal pharmacological effect a drug can produce

Emax

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3
Q

Potency

A

The amount of drug needed to produce a given affect used to differentiate a group of drugs

Less amount need to reach its effect or saturation the more potent

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4
Q

Partial agonist

A

Competes for the binding site. partially as effective as agonist no matter its concentration

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5
Q

Inverse agonist

A

produce an opposite effect of the agonist

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6
Q

Physical antagonist

A

binds to the drug preventing it from being absorbed

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7
Q

Chemical antagonist

A

combines with the substance chemically

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8
Q

Physiological antagonist

A

Produces an opposing affect, however the ligand binds at a different receptor

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9
Q

Competitive antagonist

A

The antagonistic ligand competes for the agonist binding site.

This can be overcome by increasing the concentration

Can be seen with a shift to the right on a curve (requires greater concentration)

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10
Q

Noncompetitive antagonist

A

Blocks the agonist’s binding site, this will cause a decrease in efficacy of the drug.

Even at greater concentration, the efficacy will still be low

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11
Q

E50

A

50% effectiveness of the drug

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12
Q

Synergistic

A

When the action of one drug facilitates or enhances the other

Csn be in different directions

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13
Q

Additive

A

The effect of two drugs in the same direction and adds up

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14
Q

Calculation of concentration of the drug attained at the site of action

A

BW(kg)/70 x average adult dose

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15
Q

Drugs with low therapeutic window

A

require blood work because it is very easy to reach a lethal dose
ex. warfarin

Penicillin has a high therapeutic window

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16
Q

LD 50

A

median lethal dose

17
Q

Which of the following terms appropriately matches with the maximal response obtained by a drug treatment?

A

Efficacy

18
Q

Which of the following terms represent the ratio of the toxic dose to the therapeutic dose?

A

therapeutic index

19
Q

Definition of a drug

A

a chemical substance that interacts with a receptor to produce a physiological effect REGARDLESS IF THE EFFECT IS BENEFICIAL

20
Q

Complex formation

A

The solubility of some low soluble drug molecules can be increased by formation a complex with another drug molecule

21
Q

Pharmalogical effect of the drug

A

The drug’s effect on blood flow and transition time of drug in the GI tract

22
Q

Bioequivalence

A

two drugs show similar biovalibility and time to peak blood concentration

23
Q

therapeutic equivalence

A

two drugs show similar efficacy and safety

24
Q

Volume of distribution (V)

A

How the drug is distributed in the body

V= dose administered / plasma concentration

25
Q

The most important protein that binds to drugs and mainly acidic drugs

A

albumin

26
Q

loading dose (DL)

A

Initial dose
intends to reach Css before secondary dose is given
DL=Css x Vd

Vd= drug distribution
Css= intended plasma concentration

27
Q

steady state

A

rate of administration = rate of elimination

rate of administration= clearance x plasma concentration

28
Q

Metabolism of a drug

A

also known as biotransformation
Changing, decreasing toxicity amd accelerating the excretion of the drug.

29
Q

phase I (non-synthetic) metabolism

A

Metabolism of the drug by adding or removing a functional group

30
Q

phase II (synthetic)

A

a conjugate is attached to the drug making it WATER soluble

31
Q

Oxidation reactions

A

Mainly occurs in the liver
Low substrate specificity
Shows high affinity to lipophilic molecules
NADPH and molecular oxygen is required

32
Q

FAD is required additional to NADPH for which reactions?

A

Reduction and Hydrolysis

33
Q

Hydrolysis reactions

A

A group from the drug molecule is broken down into two smaller molecules

34
Q

Clearance (CL)

A

Rate of elimination of a drug divided by its plasma concentration.

D1 Neuro (5 decks)

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