Neuro Seizures and Headaches

Question 1

Partial (focal) seizures

Answer 1

Affect 1 area of the brain.
Most commonly originate in medial temporal lobe.
Often preceded by seizure aura; can secondarily generalize.

Question 2

Simple partial

Answer 2

consciousness intact)— motor, sensory, autonomic, psychic

Question 3

Complex partial

Answer 3

impaired consciousness

Question 4

Epilepsy

Answer 4

a disorder of recurrent seizures (febrile seizures are not epilepsy).`

Question 5

Status epilepticus

Answer 5

continuous seizure for > 30 min or recurrent seizures without regaining consciousness between seizures for > 30 min.

Question 6

Generalized seizures

Answer 6

involves both hemispsheres

Question 7

Partial (focal) seizures where does it originate from.

Answer 7

medial temporal lobes

Question 8

petit mal/absense

Answer 8

petit mal)—3 Hz, no postictal

confusion, blank stare

Question 9

Myoclonic

Answer 9

quick, repetitive jerks

Question 10

grand mal

Answer 10

Tonic-clonic (grand mal)—alternating

stiffening and movement loss of bowel and bladder functions

Question 11

Tonic

Answer 11

—stiffening

Question 12

atonic

Answer 12

drop” seizures (falls to floor);

commonly mistaken for fainting losses muscle tone and drops to the floor with loss of consciousness

Question 13

Cluster headache
LOCALIZATION
DURATION
DESCRIPTION

Answer 13

Unilateral; 15 min–3 hr; repetitive
Repetitive brief headaches. Excruciating periorbital pain with lacrimation and rhinorrhea. May induce Horner syndrome.
More common in males

Question 14

Tension
LOCALIZATION
DURATION
DESCRIPTION

Answer 14

Bilateral
> 30 min (typically 4–6 hr); constant
Steady pain. No photophobia or phonophobia. No aura.

Question 15

Migraine
LOCALIZATION
DURATION
DESCRIPTION

Answer 15

Unilateral
4–72 hr
Pulsating pain with
nausea, photophobia, or phonophobia. May have “aura.” Due to irritation of CN V, meninges, or blood vessels (release of substance P, CGRP, vasoactive peptides).

Question 16

Cluster headaches can be differentiated from trigeminal neuralgia based on

Answer 16

trigeminal neuralgia produces repetitive shooting pain in the distribution of CN V that lasts (typically) for < 1 minute. The pain from cluster headaches lasts considerably longer (> 15 minutes).

Question 17

1st line for acute status epilepticus

Answer 17

benzo lorazepam diazepam

Question 18

ethosuximide

Answer 18

absence seizures block T type thalamic ca channels.

Question 19

prophylaxis for status epilepticus

Answer 19

phenytoin

Question 20

1st line for trigeminal neuralgia

drug and moa

Answer 20

Carbamazepine

Question 21

Gabapentin

Answer 21

Primarily inhibits high- voltage-activated Ca2+ channels; designed as GABA analog

Question 22

rare but fatal hepatotoxicity (measure LFTs), neural tube defects in fetus (spina bifida),

Answer 22

Valproic acid

Question 23

GABAa receptor

Answer 23

which is a ligand-gated Cl− channel.

Question 24

Arylcyclohexylamines

Answer 24

ketamine
PCP analogs that act as dissociative anesthetics. Block NMDA receptors. Cardiovascular stimulants.
Cause disorientation, hallucination, and bad dreams.

Question 25

Esters

Answer 25

metabolised by plasma esterases

Question 26

amide

Answer 26

metabolised by liver amidases thru 1st pass metabolism

Question 27

Doc for restless leg syndrome

Answer 27

ropinirole