Neuro Structure and Function

Question 1

Microtubules are fo..

Answer 1

transportation

Question 2

neurofibrils are for..

Answer 2

structure

Question 3

nissil substances are for..

Answer 3

protein synthesis - large granules in neuron body from RER

Question 4

Nodes of ranvier

Answer 4

regular interruptions of myelin sheath

salutatory conduction

Question 5

what is most common neuron structure

Answer 5

multipolar

Question 6

Neurons are structurally classified on the basis of…

Answer 6

the number of processes extending from the cell body

Question 7

3 function neuron classifications

Answer 7

sensory, interneurons, motor neurons

Question 8

the majority of our neurons are

Answer 8

interneurons

Question 9

4 kids of neuroglia

Answer 9

astrocytes
oligodendroglia
microglia
ependymal

Question 10

what is wallerian degeration

Answer 10

occurs in PNS - when distal myelin sheath shrinks and disintegrates ..if lucky can lead to creating a tube to guide regeneration

Question 11

regeneration in CNS

Answer 11

does not occur

Question 12

8 excitatory NT

Answer 12

acetylcholine 
aspartate 
dopamine 
Histamine 
norepinephrine 
Epinephrin 
Glutamate 
Serotonin

Question 13

2 inhibitory NT

Answer 13

GABA

Glycine

Question 14

astrocyte role

Answer 14

fill spaces between neurons and surround BV in CNS

Question 15

oligodendroglia

Answer 15

akak oligodendrocytes = deposit myelin within the CNS

Question 16

ependymal cells

Answer 16

line CSF filled cavities of CNS and create CSF

Question 17

microglia

Answer 17

remove debris in CNS, brain macrophages

Question 18

schwann cells

Answer 18

glial cells that wrap around and cover PNS axons - form and maintain myelin

Question 19

most brain cell connections are made in __

Answer 19

first year of life,

80% by age 3

Question 20

___ percent of nutrition is taken up by brain in first year

Answer 20

60%

Question 21

wallerian degeneration

Answer 21

in the PNS: distal to an incision the distal myelin shrinks ..schwann cells will try to create a tube to guide regeneration otherwise lose axon

Question 22

excitiation means postsynaptic neuron is…

Answer 22

depolarized (EPSP)

Question 23

inhibition means postsynaptic neuron is ..

Answer 23

hyperpolarized (IPSP)

Question 24

___determines if a AP occurs

Answer 24

summation of EPSP and IPSP

Question 25

2 ways NT removed from synaptic cleft

Answer 25

reuptake or degradation

Question 26

___ is always the first signaler on efferent pathways to peripheral nervous system

Answer 26

Ach

Question 27

__ breaks Ach down into acCoA and ___

Answer 27

acetylcholinesterase (AChe) | AcCoA and choline

Question 28

catecholamines include ___ and are made from..

Answer 28

DA, Epi, NE | made from tyrosine

Question 29

catecholamines are broken down in synaptic cleft by..

Answer 29

MAO: monoamine oxidase

Question 30

serotonin is made from ----

Answer 30

tryptophan

Question 31

serotonin is ___ in muscle (motor) pathways and inhibitory in __ pathways

Answer 31

excitatory - motor | inhibitiory - sensory

Question 32

endogenous opoids are acutally ___

Answer 32

short polypeptides

Question 33

choline is an essential nutrient found in ___

Answer 33

eggs, beans, nuts, grains, and mnay veggies

Question 34

ACH uses:

Answer 34

1. all efferent msgs from CNS use this as first NT 2. Somatic NS - ACH acts on skeletal muscles 3. NE or EPi is the second transmitter in the sympathetic SNS

Question 35

frontal lobe

Answer 35

conscious control, motion, emotional control center, word association, primary motor cortex here

Question 36

premotor cortex

Answer 36

planning and map out motor mvmts to make and inhibits excess mvmt

Question 37

primary motor

Answer 37

conveys actual info to make mvmt

Question 38

temporal

Answer 38

``` hearing, memory association auditory olfactory visual associative regions memory emotional and social associative ```

Question 39

hippocampus

Answer 39

memory storage

Question 40

brocas area

Answer 40

word motor - expression

Question 41

wernike's

Answer 41

word meaning - reception and interpretation of speech

Question 42

parietal lobe

Answer 42

touch and sense integration | visual attention, manipulation of objects, controls reading, touch perception

Question 43

occipital lobe

Answer 43

primary visual cortex, perception center | receives projections from lateral genic thalamus

Question 44

brain stem aka__

Answer 44

hind brain

Question 45

Brain stem made up of:

Answer 45

medulla oblongata, cerebellum and pons

Question 46

cerebellum

Answer 46

mvmt, conscious and unconscious musle

Question 47

cerebellar damage

Answer 47

presents on the IPSILATERAL side - loss of equilibrium, balance, and motor coordination

Question 48

medulla oblongata

Answer 48

last part of the brain before reaching the spinal cord function: cough, gag, swall * cardiac center * respiratory center

Question 49

PONS

Answer 49

sleep/wake | relay information

Question 50

midbrain

Answer 50

basic life support and mvmt | substantia nigria found here

Question 51

thalamus

Answer 51

association relay station

Question 52

hypothalamus

Answer 52

unconscious regulation release of hormones: growth, prolactin, thyroid etc complex moods: anger, fatigue

Question 53

basal ganglia

Answer 53

mvmt control : | caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus

Question 54

corpus callosum aka

Answer 54

commissural fibers

Question 55

limbic system

Answer 55

primitive behavioral responses, expression of affect | consolidation of memory