Neuro system

Question 1

Brain

Answer 1

cerebrum cerebellum & brainstem
gray matter (cell bodies)
white matter (myelinated nerve fibers)

Question 2

cerebrum

Answer 2

largest part

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Question 3

frontal lobe

Answer 3

primary motor cortex
speech (primarily)
also behavior personality emotions and intellectual function

Question 4

parietal

Answer 4

sensory cortex - touch shape texture postion

also comprehension of written words

Question 5

temporal

Answer 5

auditory cortex
Wernicke’s area in left temporal is responsible for language comprehension, when damaged the person hears but no meaning (foreign language)

Question 6

occipital

Answer 6

visual cortex - receives and interprets visual info

Question 7

brainstem

Answer 7

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 8

how many cranial nerves originate in brainstem?

Answer 8

10 of the 12

Question 9

CN 3 and CN 4 originate where?

Answer 9

midbrain

Question 10

Pons do what?

Answer 10

relay impulses to brain centers and lower spinal nerves

Question 11

medulla oblongata does what?

Answer 11

involuntary functions

Question 12

cerebellum does what?

Answer 12

coordinating movement, equilibrium, & muscle tone
if damaged, same side
if cerebrum is damaged, opposite side

Question 13

spinal cord has how many segments?

Answer 13

31

Question 14

12 pairs of cranial nerves

Answer 14

5 have only motor
3 only have sensory
4 have both

Question 15

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 15

fight or flight

Question 16

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 16

“breed or feed” slow things down

Question 17

Dysphagia

Answer 17

difficulty swallowing

Question 18

Dysphasia/aphasia

Answer 18

difficulty communicating

Question 19

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 19

Progressive demyelination of nerve fibers of brain and spinal cord
autoimmune disorder intitated by virus attacks on myelin
s&s - fatigue, depression, paresthesias,
muscle weakness, ocular changes, bowel, bladder, sexual dysfunction, gait instability, spasticity

Question 20

Meningitis

Answer 20

inflammation of meninges
bacterial is most common
s&s - severe headache, fever. generalized malaise,
stiff neck, positive Brudzinski’s

LOC may decrease, stupor, coma,

Question 21

Encephalitis

Answer 21

inflammation of brain tissue and meninges
viral is most common
s&s - depends what part of brain but headache, lethargy, nausea, fever, nuchal rigidity, vomiting

Question 22

Spinal cord injury

Answer 22

s&s - paresthesia or anesthesia, paralysis below level of injury, loss of bowel or bladder control

Question 23

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 23

slowly brain’s dopamine-producing neurons degenerate
2nd most common after Alzheimer’s
resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, mask-like faces, trunk-forward flexion, finger pill-rolling tremor

Question 24

Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

Answer 24

cerebral blood vessels become occluded by thrombus and brain tissues becomes ischemic
s&s - sudden unilateral numbness or weakness of face, arm or leg, trouble walking, dizziness, sudden sever headache, sudden confusion, difficulty swallowing, difficulty speaking or understanding speech or partial loss of vision

Question 25

Alzheimer's disease

Answer 25

incurable degenerative neurologic disorder begins with decline in memory 3 stages - early, middle, and final

Question 26

Bell's palsy

Answer 26

just on face paralysis | patients recover after a few weeks or months

Question 27

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 27

neuromuscular disease with abnormal weakness of voluntary muscles ACh receptor sites destroyed 3 types - ocular, bulbar, generalized

Question 28

Anosmia

Answer 28

loss or impaired sense of smell

Question 29

Amblyopia

Answer 29

reduction in vision, especially in one eye

Question 30

Diplopia

Answer 30

double vision

Question 31

Strabismus

Answer 31

when one eye can not be directed to the same object as the other eye

Question 32

Convergent Strabismus

Answer 32

when the deviating eye turns inward