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Pathophysiology > Neuro Terms > Flashcards

Neuro Terms Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Paresis v. plegia

A

Paresis: partial motor loss

Plegia: complete motor loss

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2
Q

Apraxia v. Ataxia

A

Apraxia: inability to execute learned purposeful voluntary movement

Ataxia: uncoordinated learned voluntary movement

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3
Q

Gait Apraxia

A

Diminished ability to perform learned movement of walking/standing

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4
Q

Construction Apraxia

A

Inability to draw, construct, or copy geometric figures

Lesion is in non-dominant parietal and frontal lobes

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5
Q

Sensory Apraxia (ideational apraxia, conceptual apraxia)

A

Inability to forumulate the ideational plan for executing multiple steps of purposeful voluntary movement

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6
Q

Ideomotor Apraxia

A

Inability to perform task when asked

Ex: comb hair, use a tool

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7
Q

Broca Aphasia

A

Can comprehend language but cannot speak

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8
Q

Aphasia

A

Acquired impairment of the comprehension/production of language

Can be both senosry and motor

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9
Q

Dysarthria

A

Difficulty of motor control of tongue/mouth to produce speech

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10
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

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11
Q

Motor Dysprosodia

A

Difficulty of speech in producing “musical aspects of speech”

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12
Q

Prosody

A

Fluctuations in tone, melody, timing, pauses, stresses, intensity, vocal quality and accents of speech

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13
Q

Akinetic Mutism

A

a bilateral frontal lobe lesion

A conscious and alert patient retains the ability to move/speak but fails to do so because they have an inc. in apathy/inhibition of motivation to interact

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14
Q

Perserveration

A

persist on a single topic

lesion in areas 10-12

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15
Q

Apathy

A

lack of interest, indifference

lesion in areas 10-12

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16
Q

Anesthesia (hypesthesia)

A

loss of sensation

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17
Q

Agnosia

A

“lack of knowledge”

Loss of sensory interpretation
Loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells w/ sensation but memory is still intact

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18
Q

Anosagnosia (neglect)

A

Ignorance of the presence of disease
NON-DOMINANT parietal lobe damage

Classic clinical finding in right hemisphere stroke

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19
Q

Astereoagnosia (stereoanesthesia)

A 
tactile amnesia (tactile agnosia)
Inability to judge the form of an object by touch
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20
Q

Agraphesthesia (cutaneous kinesthesia)

A

Difficulty recognizing a familiar form (number/letter) traced on the area of skin

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21
Q

Sensory dysprosodia

A

Difficulty of speech in interpreting the normal pitch, rhythm, and variation of stess/tone in speech (“musical aspects of speech”)

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22
Q

Dyslexia

A

Right-left disorientation that causes impairment/difficulty w/ ability to read/comprehend

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23
Q

Agraphia

A

Inability to write

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24
Q

Acalculia

A

Arithmetic deficits

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25
Finger Agnosia
Inability to distinguish between fingers
26
Auditory Agnosia
Inability to interpret the significance of sound Able to hear but can't distinguish from "sound" or "language"
27
Wernicke's aphasia
Can't comprehend but can speak "word salad" - speaking a lot of words that don't make sense
28
Sensory dysprosodia
Difficulty of speech in interpreting the normal pitch, rhythm, etc. "musical aspects of speech"
29
Amnesia
loss of memory
30
Anterograde amnesia
Loss of ability toi memorize new things after "injury"
31
Retrograde amnesia
Can't recall events prior to injury
32
Dissociative amnesia
Psychological trauma, usually temprorary
33
Repressed amnesia
unable to recall information (info is often traumatic)
34
Visual agnosia
Inability to recognize an object by sight
35
Prosopagnosia
Difficulty recognizing familiar faces
36
Color agnosia
Inability to recognize colors NOT COLOR BLINDNESS!
37
Alexia
Inability to understand written/printed word (language)
38
Chorea/Choreiform
Involuntary, constant, rapid, complex body movements that flow from one body part to another "dance-like" movement
39
Athetosis
Slow, writhing movements of the fingers and hands, and sometimes toes
40
Ballismus (what is damaged?)
Violent, flailing movements Damage to subthalmic nuclei of basal ganglia --> results n hemiballismus
41
Dystonia
Broad term! Persistent spasm/posture of a body part which can result in grotesque movements and distorted position of the body
42
Resting Tremor
Occurs when a body part is at complete rest against gravity Tremor amplitude decreases w/ voluntary activity
43
Postural Tremor
Postural tremor occurs during maintenance of a position against gravity and increases w/ action
44
Essential tremor (familial)
Most common form of tremor Tremor occurs in a person who is moving or trying to move and no cause can be identified
45
Intentional Tremor
Marked increase in tremor amplitude during a terminal portion of targeted movement Cerebellar tremor/pathology
46
Bradykinesia
Slowing of voluntary movement
47
Difficult initiating movement
use center of gravity to compensate
48
Lead-pipe rigidity
Resistance persists throughout the range of movement of a particular joint
49
Cogwheel Rigidity
Periodic resistance at different points throughout the range of movement
50
Rigidity v. Spasticity
Spasticity: SPEED DOMINANT...move slowly and you can move limb though ROM Rigidity: NOT INFLUENCED BY SPEED...can't move limb no matter what the speed though ROM
51
Tic
rapid and repeated and stereotyped involuntary movements
52
Hypotonia
poor muscle tone
53
Disequilibrium
loss of balance
54
Dysynergia
loss of coordinated activity
55
Dysarthria:
slurring, slowing or "scanning" of speech (inappropriate/random volume emphasis)
56
Dystaxia
lack of coordination in the execution of learned voluntary movement
57
Dysmetria
"past pointing", "overshooting", inability to stop muscular movement at a desired point in space
58
Dysdiadochokinesia
inability to perform rapid alternating or repetitive movements
59
Nystagmus
rhythmic oscillation of the eyeballs
60
Decomposition of movement
breaking down of smooth muscle activity into jerky, awkward fragments, poor timing
61
Rebound
inability to adjust to changes in muscle tension "arm pull test"

Pathophysiology (12 decks)

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