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Anatomy II > Neuro Written > Flashcards

Neuro Written Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Ridge directly anterior to central sulcus

A

Motor Cortex (Precentral gyrus)

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2
Q

Ridge directly posterior to central sulcus

A

Somatosensory Cortex (Postcentral gyrus)

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3
Q

Groove separating the frontal and parietal lobes

A

Central Sulcus

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4
Q

Groove separating frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe

A

Sylvian Fissure (Lateral Sulcus)

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5
Q

Comprehension preserved, but language output is impaired and “non-fluent”

A

Broca’s Aphasia

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6
Q

Comprehension is severely impaired, while language is fluent

A

Wernicke’s Aphasia

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7
Q

4 lobes of the brain

A

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal

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8
Q

3 layers of meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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9
Q

Arachnoid mater + pia mater = ?

A

Leptomeninges

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10
Q

Extension of dura mater that separates the cerebral hemispheres

A

Falx Cerebri

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11
Q

Extension of dura mater that separates the cerebellum from the occipital lobes

A

Tortorium Cerebelli

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12
Q

Large white matter connection

A

Corpus Callosum

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13
Q

In anterior circulation, blood supply to the anterior portion of the brain comes from:

A

Internal carotid arteries
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Middle Cerebral Artery

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14
Q

In posterior circulation, blood supply to the occipital lobes, cerebellum, and brainstem comes from:

A
  • Vertebral artery
  • Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
  • Basilar Artery
  • Posterior Cerebral Artery
  • Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
  • Superior Cerebellar Artery
  • Posterior Cerebral Artery
  • Posterior Communicating Artery
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15
Q

Off of what artery does the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery branch from?

A

Vertebral Artery

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16
Q

Off of what artery does the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery branch from?

A

Basilar Artery

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17
Q

Off of what artery does the Superior Cerebellar Artery branch from?

A

Basilar Artery

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18
Q

Off of what artery does the Posterior Cerebral Artery branch from?

A

Basilar Artery

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19
Q

Off of what artery does the Anterior Cerebral Artery branch from?

A

Internal Carotid Artery

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20
Q

Off of what artery does the Middle Cerebral Artery branch from?

A

Internal Carotid Artery

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21
Q

Circulatory anastomosis that supplies blood to brain and surrounding structures

A

Circle of Willis

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22
Q

Network of arteries that run up brainstem and supply blood to spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebellum

A

Vertebral-Basilar System

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23
Q

Off of what artery does the Vertebral Artery branch from?

A

Subclavian Artery

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24
Q

Arterial lesion due to weaknesses or defects in the vessel wall at forks or branch points

A

Cerebral aneurysm

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25
Bony structure within the base of the skull that the basilar artery rests upon
Arcuate foramen
26
Which cranial nerves exit at the ponto-medullary junction?
CN VI (Abducens), CN VII (Facial), and CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear)
27
Where is CN III at greatest risk for injury?
Ponto-medullary junction
28
Tapered, lower end of the spinal cord
Conus medullaris
29
Where does the conus medullaris occur?
L1-L2
30
Delicate strand of fibrous tissue proceeding inferiorly from the conus medullaris
Filum terminale
31
The filum terminale is a modification of ___ ____
Pia mater
32
A fracture that causes the skull to indent or extend into the brain cavity
Depressed skull fracture
33
A fracture where the skull is broken into three or more sections
Comminuted skull fracture
34
A brain contusion that is football-shaped
Epidural Hematoma
35
A epidural hematoma involves shearing of the ________________
Middle Meningeal Artery
36
A brain contusion that is crescent-shaped
Subdural Hematoma
37
A subdural hematoma involves shearing of the _______________
Bridging Veins
38
Which cranial nerve would be compressed by a large saccular aneurysm at the branch point of the basilar artery/PCA?
Oculomotor - CN III
39
Which cranial nerve would be compressed by a large saccular aneurysm at the branch point of the basilar artery/superior cerebellar artery?
Oculomotor - CN III
40
Failure of neural tube closure; limited to the region of the posterior neuropor
Myelomeningocele | the biggest problem
41
Protrusion of the meninges through a gap in the spinal cord
Meningocele
42
What is the most common location of a meningocele?
At the posterior neuropore
43
What tissues are contained in a meningocele?
CNS, CSF (spinal cord and meninges), skin
44
Underlying congenital bony defect in a meningocele
Spina bifida
45
A malformation of one or more vertebrae that involves a lack of arch (usually in the lumbar region)
Spina Bifida Occulta
46
What structure in the cerebrum is essential in memory function?
Hippocampus
47
One of the largest nuclei in the brain. Is depigmented in some neurodegenerative disorders
Substantia Nigra
48
Where are the substantia nigra located?
Midbrain
49
The corticospinal tract is consolildated in the midbrain within what structures?
Peduncles
50
The corticospinal tract is consolidated in the medulla within what structures?
Pyramids
51
Normal volume of CSF
150 mL
52
Normal volume of CSF in the ventricular system
25 mL
53
How much new CSF is produced each day?
500 mL
54
Enlarged ventricles due to the obstruction of the bulk flow of CSF
Hydrocephalus
55
When an obstruction is within the ventricular system, creating hydrocephalus
Noncommunicating hydrocephalus
56
When an obstruction is within the subarachnoid space or arachnoid villi, creating hydrocephalus
Communicating hydrocephalus
57
Which form of hydrocephalus is produced as a complication of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Communicating hydrocephalus
58
Ventriculomegaly that results from a loss of brain tissue (brain atrophy). Not related to a blockage of CSF flow, not associated with increased ICP
Hydrocephalus ex vacuo
59
Common causes of hydrocephalus (4):
Aqueductal stenosis, congenital malformations, postinflammatory/posthemorrhagic, tumors
60
How is increased intracranial pressure presented clinically?
Headache, N/V, papilledema (swelling of optic disc)
61
Causes of increased ICP (5):
Mass lesion (hematoma, neoplasm, abscess), hydrocephalus, diffuse brain edema, obstruction, idiopathic intracranial hypertension
62
Controls brain's extracellular environment by regulating movement of molecules from blood into brain's extracellular space and CSF
Blood Brain Barrier
63
Increase in brain volume due to an increase in fluid
Brain edema --> fluid may be intracellular or extracellular
64
Failure of closure of the entire neural tube in development
Craniorachischisis totalis
65
Failure of neural tube closure is limited to region of the anterior neuropore
Anencephaly

Anatomy II (4 decks)

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