Neuroanatomy 1

Question 1

What is the somatic NS?

Answer 1

Voluntary movements via skeletal muscles

Question 2

Role of the parasympathetic NS?

Answer 2

Maintenance/homeostasis

Question 3

Name 2 cell types?

Answer 3

Neurones

Glial cells

Question 4

Which cell is excitable; neurones or glial cells?

Answer 4

Neurones

Question 5

What are the features of a neurone?

Answer 5

Excitable

Impulse propagation

Amniotic and long-living

Axon usually surrounded by myelin sheath

Question 6

What are the features of glial cells?

Answer 6

Non-excitable

Support

Blood-brain barrier

Produce myelin

Question 7

What cell produces myelin?

Answer 7

Glial cells

Question 8

How many layers of myelin does an unmyelinated axon have?

Answer 8

1 layer of glial membrane around them

Question 9

How do unmyelinated axon bundles and cell bodies appear?

Answer 9

Grey

Grey matter

Question 10

How do myelinated axon bundles appear?

Answer 10

White

White matter

Question 11

What is the functions of the myelin sheath?

Answer 11

Faster (saltatiry) AP conduction

Prevents aP being passed to adjacent neurone cell bodies

Protect axon

Clinical importance - demyelination in MS

Question 12

What forms grey matter in the CNS?

Answer 12

Collection of cell bodies and unmyelinated axons form grey matter (if diffuse) or nuclei (if localised)

Question 13

What forms white matter?

Answer 13

Collection of myelinated axons form white matter (if diffuse) or tracts (if bundled/localised)

Question 14

What forms nerves?

Answer 14

Collection of myelinated axons

Question 15

What forms ganglia?

Answer 15

Localised collection of cell bodies

Question 16

What are the clinical picture of an UMN.

Answer 16

Peripheral spastic paralysis and exaggerated peripheral reflexes

Question 17

What is the clinical picture of a LMN?

Answer 17

Peripheral flaccid paralysis and absence of reflexes

Question 18

What fluid is found within the vesicles (embryology)?

Answer 18

CSF

Question 19

What is this and what does it form?

Answer 19

Prosencephalon

Forms forebrain

Question 20

What structure forms the midbrain?

Answer 20

Mesencephalon

Question 21

What structures forms the hindbrain (4 weeks)?

Answer 21

Rhombencephalon

Question 22

What does the telencephalon cover as it develops?

Answer 22

The diencephalon

Forms forebrain

Question 23

What 3 structures forms the brainstem?

Answer 23

Question 24

What structure makes CSF?

Answer 24

Choroid plexus

Question 25

What does the telencephalon make in the brain?

Answer 25

Cerebral cortex basal ganglia

Question 26

What does the diencephalon make?

Answer 26

Thalamus Hypothalamus

Question 27

What does the mesencephalon make?

Answer 27

Midbrain

Question 28

What does the metencephalon make?

Answer 28

Pins Cerebellum

Question 29

What does the myelincephalon make?

Answer 29

Medulla

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

Answer 31

Question 32

What vertebrae does the spinal cord end?

Answer 32

l1

Question 33

Answer 33

Question 34

What does the dura mater enclose?

Answer 34

Intracranial venous sinuses

Question 35

What vertebral level do the dura mater and arachnoid extend to?

Answer 35

S2

Question 36

What Meningeal layer is attached to the brain?

Answer 36

Pit mater

Question 37

Where does the lia mater extend to?

Answer 37

Coccyx

Question 38

What do you call the fibrous stand of the pia mater extended to the coccyx?

Answer 38

Filum terminale

Question 39

What do you find on the sub-arachnoid space?

Answer 39

CSF

Question 40

In the subdura, space, is it venous or arterial?

Answer 40

Venous

Question 41

Subdural or epidural haemorrhage?

Answer 41

Subdural

Question 42

Is the subarachnoid haemorrhage arterial or venous?

Answer 42

ARTERIAL

Question 43

What causes a traumatic brain injury due to shearing forces e.g. boxing?

Answer 43

Diffuse axonal injury (DIA)

Question 44

What structure lines the inside layer of the skull?

Answer 44

Endosteal

Question 45

What forms the main dural folds?

Answer 45

Meningeal layer is folded double

Question 46

Answer 46

Question 47

Where does the 4th ventricle lie?

Answer 47

Hindbrain

Question 48

Where does the cerebral aqueduct lie?

Answer 48

Midbrain