Neuroanatomy

Question 1

The nervous system comprises the _________________ and _______________ nervous systems

Answer 1

Central
Peripheral

Question 2

The brain and spinal cord make up the ________________ nervous system

Answer 2

Central

Question 3

____________, _____________ and ____________ make up the brain stem of the brain

Answer 3

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

Question 4

Synapses are formed when _________

Answer 4

A neuron comes in contact with another neuron

Question 5

The connection between a neuron and a muscle is termed a _______________

Answer 5

Neuromuscular junction

Question 6

Nerves found in the central nervous system are called ____________

Answer 6

Tracts

Question 7

Transmission of nerve impulses are multi-directional
True/False

Answer 7

False
Impulses travel only in one direction

Question 8

A typical synapse is formed by the contact between the ____________ of a neuron and the ______________ of another

Answer 8

Dendrite
Axon terminal

Question 9

In a situation where the terminal bouton of neuron A connects with the dendrite of neuron B, which is the presynaptic neuron?

Answer 9

Neuron A

Question 10

Morphological
Ultrastructural
Functional

The above are _____________ of synapses

Answer 10

Classifications

Question 11

____________ synapses are classified based on the neuronal components taking part in the synapse

Answer 11

Morphological

Question 12

Axosomatic
Axodendritic
Dendritoaxonic
Dendriosomatic

The above are examples of ________________ classification of synapses

Answer 12

Morphological

Question 13

What differentiates an Axoaxonic synapse from a serial synapse?

Answer 13

In Axoaxonic synapses , connection is made along the length of the other axon

In Serial synapses, both axons connect on the terminal bouton

Question 14

_______________ classification of synapses are based on the neurotransmitters released by the synapse and their active sites

Answer 14

Ultrastructural

Question 15

In the CNS, nerve fibres are called?

Answer 15

Tracts

Question 16

In the PNS, nerve fibres are called?

Answer 16

Peripheral nerves

Question 17

Nerve fibres comprise neurite processes, including?

Answer 17

1. Axon
2. Dendrites

Question 18

What are peripheral nerves?

Answer 18

They are bundles of neurite processes

Question 19

Nerves that transmit impulses to the sensory from the CNS is?

Answer 19

Afferent or motor neurones

Question 20

Nerve fibres that return impulse from the sensory organs too the CNS are called?

Answer 20

Efferent or sensory neurones

Question 21

Unmyelinated axons have a single covering called?

Answer 21

Schwann cell

Question 22

A myelinated axon has?

Answer 22

Multiple myelin sheaths

Question 23

The spaces between 2 myelin sheaths is called?

Answer 23

Nodes of ranvier

Question 24

Transmission of impulse is faster in myelinated neurones. This is because of?

Answer 24

The presence of nodes of Ranvier, which speed up the transmission

Question 25

A collection of nerve fibres in bundles are called?

Answer 25

Fascicles

Question 26

There are 3 layers of covering for fascicles, namely?

Answer 26

1. Endoneureum (inner most) 2. Perineureum (middle) 3. Epineureum (outer)

Question 27

The membrane of an axon is called?

Answer 27

Axolemma

Question 28

The membrane of a myelin sheath is called?

Answer 28

Neurilemma

Question 29

Classification of nerves is by?

Answer 29

1. By function 2. By part innervated 3. By velocity and Diameter of conduction

Question 30

The destructive changes that take place when a nerve is cut is called

Answer 30

Nerve degeneration

Question 31

The proliferative changes that take place after an injury for recovery is termed?

Answer 31

Nerve regeneration

Question 32

How soon does nerve degeneration begin?

Answer 32

Hours after injury

Question 33

When does nerve regeneration begin?

Answer 33

2 weeks after injury

Question 34

Retrograde degeneration is degeneration in the ?

Answer 34

Proximal axon or Soma

Question 35

Anterograde degeneration takes place in?

Answer 35

The distal Axon

Question 36

When degeneration in one neuron transfers to another neuron, it is termed?

Answer 36

Transneuronal degeneration

Question 37

Nissl bodies are composed of?

Answer 37

A collection of ribosomes

Question 38

The disappearance of nissl substance is called?

Answer 38

Chromatolysis

Question 39

The population of myelinated axons gives what colouration ?

Answer 39

White

Question 40

The population of nissl bodies (soma) gives what colouration?

Answer 40

Grey colour

Question 41

Factors necessary for regeneration?

Answer 41

1. Absence of infection 2. Separation or cut should be minimal and not total separation

Question 42

Mention 2 clinical implications of regeneration in myelin sheaths

Answer 42

1. Frey's syndrome 2. Neuroma 3. Painful neurites 4. Multiple sclerosis

Question 43

A junction between 2 neurones is called?

Answer 43

A Synapse

Question 44

The terminal end of an Axon is called?

Answer 44

Bouton or synaptic bag

Question 45

The dense cytoplasm on either sides of the synapse is known as?

Answer 45

The Active zones

Question 46

The space around the synaptic junction called ?

Answer 46

Synaptic cleft