Neuroanatomy

Question 1

What is neurology ?

Answer 1

The anatomy and function of the nervous system.

Question 2

Neuropsychology

Answer 2

The relationship between the nervous system and high level cognitive functions e.g. behaviour, cognition, mental states

Question 3

Materialism

Answer 3

The mind is a result of physical processes. It contrasts with Descartes dualism

Question 4

Descartes dualism

Answer 4

The separation of body and soul - ‘I think therefore I am’

Question 5

Broca’s area

Answer 5

Association between left frontal lobe and langue e.g. production and syntax

Question 6

Wernicke’s area

Answer 6

Temporal lobe language association e.g. perception and meaning. DOUBLE DISSOCIATION !

Question 7

Inhibitory

Answer 7

Prevents action potential

Question 8

Which nervous system can regenerate when damaged

Answer 8

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 9

What are the two sub divisions of the autonomic system?

Answer 9

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 10

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 10

Prepares body for action ‘fight or flight’

Question 11

Parasympathetic

Answer 11

Active during times of relaxation and rest ‘business as usual’

Question 12

what is the role of the spinal cord

Answer 12

Sensory info to brain
Motor commands to muscles

Question 13

What makes up the Brain stem

Answer 13

Medulla, pons, midbrain
Mediates essential functions e.g. breathing and heartbeat

Question 14

What makes up the Hindbrain

Answer 14

Medulla, pons and cerebella
Not include midbrain
Regulates movement, sleep and wakefulness

Question 15

What is the role of the Medulla

Answer 15

Controls reflexes e.g. heart rate

Question 16

What is the role of the cerebellum ?

Answer 16

Fine motor skills, coordination, balance
Prediction and error
Attention and language

Question 17

Which part of the medulla is associated with vision ?

Answer 17

Superior colliculus- eye movement and gaze

Question 18

Which part of the medulla is associated with hearing?

Answer 18

Inferior colliculus- sound localisation

Question 19

Which part of the midbrain is related to movement ?

Answer 19

Substantia nigra- projects to basil ganglia to integrate movement

Question 20

What is the role of the Thalamus

Answer 20

Receives information from sensory organs (except olfactory)

Question 21

What is the role of the Hypothalamus

Answer 21

Regulates body temp, hunger, thirst, sexual behaviour

Question 22

What is the Frontal lobe associated with ?

Answer 22

Movement and cognition

Question 23

What is the parietal lobe associated with?

Answer 23

Body sensations, spatial orientation, proprioception

Question 24

What is the Occipital lobe associated with?

Answer 24

Primary visual cortex (VI)

Question 25

What can occur when the occipital lobe is damaged ?

Answer 25

Cortical blindness associated part of the visual field

Question 26

What does the Forebrain mediate?

Answer 26

Cognitive Functions

Question 27

What does the brain stem mediate?

Answer 27

Regulatory functions such as eating, drinking and moving.

Question 28

What does the spinal cord do?

Answer 28

Conveys sensory information into the brain and sends commands from the brain to the muscles to move.

Question 29

Aristotle’ s mentalism

Answer 29

Meaning ‘of the mind’

Question 30

Darwin’s Materialism

Answer 30

The idea that behaviour can be fully explained by the workings of the nervous system.

Question 31

Gall’s theory

Answer 31

Identified a long list of behavioural traits , assigned each trait to a particular part of the skull and then by inference to the underlying part of the brain.

Question 32

Lateralised language model

Answer 32

Wernicke created lateralised language model- suspected a relationship between hearing and speech function. Described cases in which aphasia patients had lesions in this auditory area of the temporal lobe

Question 33

Neuroplasticity

Answer 33

The ability of neural networks in the brain to change through growth and reorganization.

Question 34

Ventral Stream

Answer 34

From the visual cortex to the temporal lobe for object identification

Question 35

Dorsal stream

Answer 35

Pathway from the visual cortex to the parietal cortex to guide object recognition.

Question 36

Which fissures divide the brains hemispheres?

Answer 36

Longitudinal and lateral

Question 37

What are the folds in the cortex called

Answer 37

Gyri

Question 38

What are the creases between the folds in the cortex called

Answer 38

Sulci

Question 39

Where is the temporal lobe located?

Answer 39

Below the lateral fissure

Question 40

Where is the frontal lobe located?

Answer 40

Above the temporal beneath the frontal bones

Question 41

Where is the parietal lobe located

Answer 41

Behind the frontal lobe

Question 42

Where is the occipital lobe located?

Answer 42

Area at the back of the hemispheres

Question 43

What are the divisions of the diencephalon ?

Answer 43

Thalamus Hypothalamus Mamillary bodies

Question 44

Where is the diencephalon located?

Answer 44

Forebrain

Question 45

What makes up the basil ganglia?

Answer 45

Caudate nucleus Putamen Globes pallidus

Question 46

What makes up the limbic system?

Answer 46

Cingulate cortex Hippocampus Amygdala

Question 47

Where is the limbic system located?

Answer 47

Cerebrum

Question 48

Where is the basil ganglia located?

Answer 48

Cerebrum