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Stroke 1 Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

Risk Factors

A

Age, previous stroke/ TIA, family history

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2
Q

Medical conditions that can cause stroke

A

Hypertension
Arteriosclerosis/ high cholesterol
Heart disease

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3
Q

Primary stroke prevention

A
  • treat hypertension
  • stop smoking
  • manage weight
  • increase exercise
  • lower cholesterol
  • control diabetes
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4
Q

What are the main types of stroke?

A

Ischaemic and Cerebral haemorrhage

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5
Q

Ischaemic stroke

A

Blockage cutting off brain blood supply

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6
Q

Cerebral haemorrhage

A

Burst blood vessel causing bleeding within the brain

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7
Q

What are the 3 main arteries associated with the circle of Willis?

A

Internal carotid
Middle cerebral
Basilar artery

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8
Q

MRI T2

A

Sensitive to difference between intact and damaged tissue

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9
Q

What is an ischaemic penumbra?

A

Infarcted areas where blood flow is reduced

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10
Q

What is lysis?

A

Dead cell membranes break down

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11
Q

Types of ichaemic stroke

A

Thrombotic
Embolic
Lacunar

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12
Q

Thrombotic stroke

A

Due to atherosclerosis
Deposition of lipid fats in muscle cells in the artery wall

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13
Q

Embolic stroke

A

Part of embolus- blood clot, plaque deposit, air bubble

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14
Q

Lacunar

A

Blockage of small artery- arteriole

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15
Q

TIA

A

Often called mini stroke
Effects last less than 24 hours

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16
Q

Intervention for TIA

A

Reduce blood pressure
Address lifestyle factors

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17
Q

How does low dose aspirin prevent stroke?

A

Blood thinning effects- reduces risk of blood clots

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18
Q

Cerebral haemorrhage

A

Massive bleed into brain tissue

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19
Q

Effects of cerebral haemorrhage are due to?

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A

Mass displacement of brain tissue
Increased intracerbral pressure
Destruction at site of bleeding

20
Q

Arteriovenous malformations

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A

Congenital collections of abnormal blood vessels

21
Q

Aneurysms

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A

Vascular dilations rising from localised defects in elasticity

22
Q

Types of cerebral haemorrhage

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A

Intracerabeal
Subarachnoid
Subdural

23
Q

Intracerbral haemorrhage

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A
  • raised intracerbral pressure
24
Q

Subdural haemorrhage (haematoma)

Study These Flashcards
A

Contact via head injuries

25
Where does the Anterior circulation start from?
Internal Carotid Artery (ICA)
26
What large vessels are associated with the anterior circulation?
Middle cerebral server Anterior cerebral artery
27
What are the small vessels associated with anterior circulation?
Branches from the MCA and the ACA
28
Where does the posterior conciliation start from?
From vertebral arteries
29
What are the large vessels associated with posterior circulation?
Basilar artery Posterior cerebral artery
30
Dysarthria
Muscular control of articulation
31
Which part of the brain is damaged associated with dysarthria?
Damage to the brain stem/ medulla
32
Apraxia
Planning of speech motor commands
33
What part of the Brian damage is associated with apraxia ?
Diverse cortical and sub-cortical lesions
34
What are the two types of stroke dysphagia is common after?
Brain stem stroke Cortical stroke
35
What does the Anterior carotid artery supply?
Prefrontal cortex
36
What is the function of the cingulate gyrus?
Emotion regulation and motivation
37
Where does the middle cerebral artery branch at?
Lateral sculls (Sylvian fissure)
38
What are of the Brian is most commonly affected in ischaemic cerebral strokes?
Middle Cerebral artery
39
What part of the brain does the MCA supply most?
Most of the lateral surface of the cortex, including wernickes area and heschl’s gyrus
40
The basil ganglia and the insular cortex are supplied by which cerebral artery?
MCA
41
Symptoms of MCA stroke
- facial palsy/upper limb paralysis - bilateral innervation to muscles of articulation - hemispatial neglect
42
What area of the brain does the posterior cerebral artery supply?
Ventral arterial and ventromedial temporal lobe
43
The ventromedial and ventral lateral temporal lobes are associated with what?
Semantic processing, long-term memory
44
Bamford stroke classification system
Total anterior circulation stroke Partial anterior circulation stroke Lacunar syndrome Posterior circulation syndrome
45
TACS
3 of the following: - unilateral weakness - homonymous hemianopia - higher cerebral dysfunction

Brain And Behaviour (8 decks)

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