Neurobiology of Sex

Question 1

Sexual Differentiation

Answer 1

Organizing Effects and Activating Effects

Question 2

Organizing Effects

Answer 2

Mostly occur prenatally or shortly after birth. Affect brain and body structure for lifelong.

Question 3

Activating Effects

Answer 3

Occur anytime in life. Come and go with hormone fluctuation. (Muscle mass, breast development, hair growth)

Question 4

Gestation in Women

Answer 4

Mullerian ducts develop into fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. Wolffian ducts shrink.

Question 5

Gestation in Males

Answer 5

Testosterone promotes the wolffian ducts to develop into the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles. AMH directs mullerian ducts to shrink

Question 6

What is AMH

Answer 6

Anti-mullerian hormone

Question 7

What is Sexual Attraction

Answer 7

Bring males and females together

Question 8

Sexual Attraction in Animals:

Answer 8

Emit stimuli that attract members of the opposite sex

Question 9

How is copulation controlled in most species?

Answer 9

It is controlled by the female and her active cooperation

Question 10

4 Parts of Reproductive Behavior

Answer 10

Sexual Attraction, Appetitive Behavior, Copulation, Postcopulatory Behavior

Question 11

Define appetitive behavior

Answer 11

Helps establish, maintain, or promote sexual attraction/ interaction

Question 12

Define proceptive

Answer 12

State in which an animal advertises its readiness to mate through species-typical behaviors

Question 13

Appetitive Behaviors of Females

Answer 13

Approach, Stay close, and Retreat

Question 14

Appetitive Behavior of Female Rats

Answer 14

Ear Wiggling, Hopping/Darting gait inducing male to mount

Question 15

Appetitive Behavior of Males

Answer 15

Stay near female

Question 16

Appetitive Behaviors of Male Mammals

Answer 16

Sniff around female’s face/vagina

Question 17

Appetitive Behaviors of Male Birds

Answer 17

Singing elaborate songs/ nest building

Question 18

Copulation

Answer 18

Sex (Coitus)

Question 19

Copulation Function:

Answer 19

Creampie

Question 20

Internal Fertilization

Answer 20

Fusion of gametes within female’s body to form a zygote

Question 21

External Fertilization

Answer 21

Fusion of gametes outside of female’s body

Question 22

Define sexually receptive

Answer 22

The state in which an individual is willing to copulate

Question 23

Coolidge Effect

Answer 23

The propensity of an animal to resume sexual activity when provided with a novel partner.

Question 24

Lordosis

Answer 24

Doggystyle

Question 25

Mounting

Answer 25

Male response to doggystyle.

Question 26

Parental Behavior

Answer 26

Copulation not enough to ensure reproduction

Question 27

Altricial Young

Answer 27

Poorly developed motor or sensory systems. HELPLESS

Question 28

Precocial Young

Answer 28

Can move around, see, and keep themselves warm. Still require parental investments.

Question 29

Parabiotic

Answer 29

Surgical preparation that joins two animals to share a single blood supply and its affects on maternal behavior.

Question 30

Sexual Dimorphism

Answer 30

The condition in which males and females show pronounced sex differences in appearance.

Question 31

Sexual Dimorphism in Male Canaries and Zebra Finches

Answer 31

Produce elaborate songs to attract males. FEMALES do not.

Question 32

Robustus Archistratum (RA)

Answer 32

Controls Motor Neurons that innervate the syrinx.

Question 33

Syrinx

Answer 33

Muscular singing organ

Question 34

HVC

Answer 34

High Vocal Center

Question 35

Effect of Castrating Male Rats

Answer 35

Did not alter size of SDN-POA

Question 36

Male rats have more SNB cells than Females.