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Neuroscience Unit 4 > Motor Control > Flashcards

Motor Control Flashcards

1
Q

5 Levels of Motor Control

A

Skeletal Muscle, Spinal Control, Brainstem, Primary Motor Cortex, Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia

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2
Q

3 types of Muscle Tissue

A

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

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3
Q

Function of Skeletal Muscle

A

Gross Body Movements

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4
Q

Function of Cardiac Muscle

A

Circulation of Blood

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5
Q

Function of Smooth Muscle

A

Support for visceral organs

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6
Q

Function of Muscles

A

Contraction (Muscle Shortening), movement

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7
Q

Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle

A

Striated, Voluntary, Multinucleated, Largest cell size of muscle types

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8
Q

Breakdown of Muscle Tissue

A

Skeletal Muscle> Fascicle> Muscle Fiber> Myofibril

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9
Q

Nervous System that innervates Skeletal Muscle

A

Somatic Nervous System

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10
Q

Synonyms for the Somatic Motor Neuron

A

Lower Motor Neuron
Alpha Motor Neuron

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11
Q

Ventral Horn

A

Butterfly dark inside of spinal cord that helps control motor movements

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12
Q

Description of Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)

A

Aceytcholine and Na in, ya!

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13
Q

Mechanism of Action of Curare

A

Blocks nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at NMJ

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14
Q

Effect of Curare

A

Diminish muscle contraction

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15
Q

Mechanism of Action of Myasthenia Gravis

A

Immune system attacks acetylcholine receptors at NMJ

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16
Q

Effect of Myasthenia Gravis

A

Weakness of skeletal muscles

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17
Q

Mechanism of Action of Poliomyelitis

A

Attacks somatic motor neurons

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18
Q

Effect of poliomyelitis

A

Paralysis of body parts

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19
Q

Mechanism of Action of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

A

Genetic disorder that progressively degenerate skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers

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20
Q

Nerves in Peripheral Nervous System (Brain)

A

12 pairs

21
Q

Nerves in Peripheral Nervous System (Spine)

A

31 pairs

22
Q

Motor Unit

A

Combination of an individual motor neuron and muscle fiber that it innervates

23
Q

Motor Neuron Pool

A

All the motor neurons innervating a single muscle

24
Q

Thickest Muscle Tissue

A

Skeletal Myofiber

25
Q

3 sources of Energy for Skeletal Muscles

A

Creatine phosphate, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation

26
Q

Glycolysis

A

Uses glucose to produce ATP (very little ATP-2)

27
Q

Oxidative Phosphorylation

A

Uses oxygen, fats, protein, and sugars to produce ATP (a lot-36)

28
Q

Creatine Phosphate

A

Reserve of high energy phosphates (think storage)

29
Q

3 Skeletal Muscle Types

A

Slow Oxidative, Fast Oxidative, Fast Glycolytic

30
Q

Slow Oxidative Fibers

A

Contract Slowly, Burn ATP Slowly, need so much blood; dark red

31
Q

Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic Fibers

A

Don’t need much oxygen, therefore medium amount of myoglobin; pink

32
Q

Fast Glycolytic Fiber

A

Does not need any blood, therefore no myoglobin; white

33
Q

Are all three muscle types found in every muscle?

A

Yes

34
Q

Sequence for when muscle types are activated?

A
  1. Slow-Oxidative Fibers
  2. Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic Fibers
  3. Fast-Glycolytic Fibers
35
Q

Muscle Type with Least Tension

A

Slow-Oxidative Fibers

36
Q

Muscle Type least to fatigue

A

Slow Oxidative Fibers

37
Q

Define Proprioception

A

Awareness of position and movement of the body

38
Q

Describe the stretch reflex

A

The contraction of a muscle in response to passive stretching

39
Q

Describe the golgi tendon reflex

A

Also known as the inverse stretch reflex; inhibitory effect on the muscle resulting from muscle tension stimulating the Golgi tendon organ-> self induced

40
Q

Describe the Upper Motor Neuron

A

Neuron whose cell body begins in the cerebral cortex and terminates in brainstem/spinal cord.

41
Q

Describe the Lower Motor Neurons

A

Responsible from transmitting the signals from the upper motor neuron to the effector muscle responsible for movement.

42
Q

Describe the Primary Motor Cortex

A

Located in front of the central sulcus, the area that provides the most important signals for production of movement.

43
Q

PMC Somatotopy

A

PMC is known to have a somatotopic map as it is very organized with different regions of the cortex responsible for movements of the face, arm, or leg.

44
Q

PMC Homunculus

A

A topographic representation of the body parts along the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

45
Q

Function of Basal Ganglia

A

Responsible for motor control, as well as motor learning, executive functions, and emotions.

46
Q

Structures of the Basal Ganglia

A

5 pairs of nuclei, found in the center of the brain

47
Q

Anatomy of the Cerebellum

A

The cerebrocerebellum, the spinocerebellum and the vestibulocerebellum.

48
Q

Function of the Cerebellum

A

Controls balance for walking and standing, and other complex motor functions.

Neuroscience Unit 4 (5 decks)

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