Neurological Assessment

Question 1

Portions of the cerebral cortex

Answer 1

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Wernicke's area
Broca's area

Question 2

The CNS includes:

Answer 2

Cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Brainstem
Spinal cord

Question 3

Frontal lobe

Answer 3

Personality
behavior
emotion
intellectual function
[Primary target for the lombotomy proceedure]

Question 4

Temporal lobe

Answer 4

Hearing
Taste
Smell

Question 5

Broca’s area

Answer 5

Motor speech

Question 6

Postcentral Gyrus

Answer 6

Primary sensory area

Question 7

Parietal lobe

Answer 7

Sensation

Question 8

Wernicke’s area

Answer 8

Speech comprehension

Question 9

Occipital lobe

Answer 9

Visual reception

Question 10

Cerebellum

Answer 10

Motor coordination
Equilibrium
Balance

Question 11

Thalamus

Answer 11

Hypothalamus

Question 12

Central Sulcus

Answer 12

The fold separating the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe

Question 13

Sensory Pathways

Answer 13

Spinothalamic tract: (Pain, temp, light, touch)

Posterior (dorsal) column: (Position, vibration, light touch)

Question 14

Motor pathways

Answer 14

Corticospinal/pyramidal tract: Skilled or purposeful movement
Extrapyramidal tract: muscle tone/body movements (walking)
Cerebellar system: Equilibrium/posture

Question 15

Spinothalamic tract:

Answer 15

Motor pathway

Pain, temp, light, touch

Question 16

Posterior (dorsal) column

Answer 16

Motor pathway

Position, vibration, light touch

Question 17

Cerebellum

Answer 17

Equilibrium and posture

Question 18

Upper motor neuron

Answer 18

Located in CNS only

Go from brain, to lower motor neuron

Question 19

Lower motor neuron

Answer 19

Located in PNS

Go from upper motor neuron, to muscle

Question 20

Crude perception, (pressure) goes along which sensory pathway?

Answer 20

Anterior spinothalamic tract

Question 21

Pain and temperature goes along which sensory pathway

Answer 21

Lateral spinothalamic tract

Question 22

Fine touch goes along which sensory pathway?

Answer 22

Posterior dorsal column

Question 23

Major Motor Pathways (3)

Answer 23

Cotricospinal crossed
Corticospinal uncrossed
Extrapyramidal

Question 24

4 Types of reflex Arcs

Answer 24

Deep tendon: Can be tapped with hammer
Superficial: Corneal
Visceral: Pupils (PERRLA)
Pathologic: Abnormal (Babinsky)

Question 25

How many pairs of spinal nerves?

Answer 25

31. I will be mad if they ask this.

Question 26

Somatic system

Answer 26

Voluntary

Question 27

Autonomic system

Answer 27

Involuntary (Autonomic=Automatic) Maintains homeostasis

Question 28

Neurological considerations for infants*

Answer 28

- Neuro system is immature at irth | - Myelin develops cephalocaudally and proximodistally

Question 29

Neuro considerations for the Aging Adult*

Answer 29

- Neurological atrophy - Decreased nerve conduction, decreases 5%-10% after 65 - Diminished pain touch taste and smell - Decreased muscle bulk

Question 30

Racial prevalence of stroke patients

Answer 30

6% American indian/Alaskan have had a stroke 4% African American 2% Whites

Question 31

"Stroke Belt"

Answer 31

South Eastern US

Question 32

Subjective Data: Neuro

Answer 32

- Headache? "Worst H/A ever" = emergency - Head injury? - Dizziness/vertigo? - Seizures- Epilepsy? - Tremors? - Weakness? - Numbness/tingling? - Difficulty swallowing or speaking?

Question 33

Glasgow coma scale

Answer 33

``` Best = 15: Alert and oriented Worst = 3 ``` 7 or less= Coma

Question 34

Paralysis

Answer 34

Loss of motor power. Hemiplegia- one sided Paraplegia- both lower extremities Quadriplegia- All extremities Paresis- Weakness, rather than paralysis

Question 35

Fasciculation

Answer 35

Rapid twitching of resting muscle. | "That eye twitch you get when stupid jokes are told"

Question 36

Tic-

Answer 36

Involuntary, compulsive, repetitive twitching of a muscle group. (Wink, grimace, head movement) due to tardive dyskinesias, tourette syndrome Do not confuse with fasciculation

Question 37

Myoclonus

Answer 37

Rapid, sudden jerk, or series of jerks at regular intervals. (Hiccups; Severe jerks are present with grand mal seizures)

Question 38

Tremor

Answer 38

Involuntary contraction of opposing muscle groups. May be rapid or slow. Rest tremor Chorea Intension tremor

Question 39

Resting Tremor

Answer 39

"Pill rolling" of parkinsonism Coarse and slow Becomes better with voluntary movement

Question 40

Intension tremor

Answer 40

Becomes worse with voluntary movements | May be self-medicated with alcohol

Question 41

Chorea

Answer 41

Sudden, rapid, jerky tremors. Irregular | Seen in Huntington's Disease

Question 42

Decorticate rigidity

Answer 42

Hands clenched to chest, feet pointed and rotated inward | Hemispheric lesion of cerebral cortex

Question 43

Decerebrate Rigidity

Answer 43

Upper extremities extended, palms pointing out, feet flexed, teeth clinched. Brain stem damage

Question 44

Flaccid Quadriplegia

Answer 44

Complete loss of muscle tone and paralysis of all four extremities. Nonfunctional brainstem

Question 45

Opisthotonos

Answer 45

Arching of back, heels and head bent backwards Meningeal irritation