Neurological Disorders

Question 1

Which cranial nerve controls pupillary constriction?

Answer 1

CN III (oculomotor)

Question 2

What is cranial nerve I?

Answer 2

Olfactory

Question 3

What is cranial nerve II?

Answer 3

Optic

Question 4

Which cranial nerve controls down and inward eye movement?

Answer 4

IV (trochlear)

Question 5

Which cranial nerve controls tongue movement?

Answer 5

XII (hypoglossal)

Question 6

Which cranial nerve controls shrugging the shoulders?

Answer 6

XI (spinal accessory)

Question 7

Which cranial nerve controls hearing?

Answer 7

VIII (acoustic)

Question 8

Which cranial nerve controls the gag reflex?

Answer 8

IX (glossopharyngeal)

Question 9

Which cranial nerve controls eye movement to the side?

Answer 9

VI (abducens)

Question 10

Which cranial nerve controls muscles of mastication?

Answer 10

V (trigeminal)

Question 11

Which cranial nerve controls puffing out the cheeks?

Answer 11

VII (facial)

Question 12

A score of what or higher on the mini mental status exam indicates no cognitive impairment?

Answer 12

24 or above

Question 13

What % of strokes are ischemic?

Answer 13

80%

Question 14

What two kinds of vision changes classically occur in TIA?

Answer 14

Ipsilateral monocular blindness; homonymous hemianopia

Question 15

On what side will vision changes be during stroke?

Answer 15

Ipsilateral (same) side

Question 16

On what side will motor changes be during stroke?

Answer 16

Contralateral side

Question 17

What two drugs are most important in management of TIA?

Answer 17

Aspirin and clopidogrel

Question 18

When is a carotid endarterectomy indicated?

Answer 18

For greater than 70-80% stenosis with symptoms

Question 19

Speech is normally impaired with a stroke in which hemisphere?

Answer 19

Left

Question 20

Spatial disorientation is seen with stroke in which hemisphere?

Answer 20

Right

Question 21

What is the latest you can give thrombolytics in stoke?

Answer 21

4.5 hours from sx onset

Question 22

What two categories of pts have an indication for ICP monitoring?

Answer 22

Severe head injury with GCS of 8 + abnormal CT; severe head injury with GCS of 8 + normal with CT scan with any 2 of the following: age >40, BP <90, abnormal motor posturing

Question 23

MAP should be maintained at what in stroke?

Answer 23

110-130

Question 24

Why is MAP maintained at 110-130 in stroke?

Answer 24

To prevent cerebral vasospasm

Question 25

What is the formula for CPP?

Answer 25

MAP-ICP

Question 26

What type of drug is nimodipine?

Answer 26

Calcium channel antagonist

Question 27

What does nimodipine do in stroke?

Answer 27

Counters vasospasm

Question 28

What type of seizure has no LOC?

Answer 28

Simple partial

Question 29

What is the main difference between a simple partial seizure and a complex partial seizure?

Answer 29

A complex partial seizure has an impaired LOC

Question 30

What is an absence seizure?

Answer 30

Sudden arrest of motor activity with a blank stare

Question 31

Antispasmodics and interferon therapy are used to treat what neuro disorder?

Answer 31

Multiple sclerosis

Question 32

What kind of paralysis does Guillan Barre cause?

Answer 32

Progressive symmetrical ascending paralysis

Question 33

What two signs may be seen in meningitis?

Answer 33

Kernig's sign and Brudzinski's sign

Question 34

What is Kernig's sign?

Answer 34

Pain and spasm of the hamstring muscles

Question 35

What is Brudzinski's sign?

Answer 35

Legs flex at hips and knees in response to flexion of the head and the neck to the chest

Question 36

What happens to protein and glucose in bacterial meningitis?

Answer 36

Protein will be elevated and glucose will be decreased

Question 37

How to treat meningitis in a pt under 50 years old?

Answer 37

Vancomycin plus ceftriaxone

Question 38

How to treat meningitis in a pt over 50 years old?

Answer 38

Vancomycin plus ceftriaxone plus ampicillin

Question 39

What kind of bleed is characterized by a lucid interval?

Answer 39

Epidural hematoma

Question 40

What are the three components of Cushing's triad?

Answer 40

Widening pulse pressure, decreased respiratory rate, decreased HR

Question 41

If a pt has a cervical spinal cord injury they will be what?

Answer 41

Tetraplegic/quadraplegic

Question 42

If a pt has a thoracic spinal cord injury they will be what?

Answer 42

Paraplegic

Question 43

A major complication of spinal cord injury at C4 or above may be what?

Answer 43

Respiratory compromise

Question 44

Injury at T4-T6 may lead to what complication?

Answer 44

Autonomic dysreflexia

Question 45

What is Brown Sequard Syndrome caused by?

Answer 45

Damage to one half of the spinal cord

Question 46

Which spinal cord injury causes same-sided motor neuron paralysis and loss of proprioception and opposite sided loss of pain and temperature?

Answer 46

Brown Sequard Syndrome

Question 47

How is Brown Sequard Syndrome managed?

Answer 47

Steroids

Question 48

How is Cauda Equina managed?

Answer 48

MRI, surgery and steroids

Question 49

Neurogenic shock may happen with an injury at what level or above?

Answer 49

T6

Question 50

What is Parkinson's caused by?

Answer 50

Dopamine deficiency

Question 51

Pts with Parkinson's will have what trio of symptoms?

Answer 51

Tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia

Question 52

Pramipexole, ropinirole, and rotigotine are all what class of drug, used in the management of what?

Answer 52

Dopamine agonists, used in Parkinson's

Question 53

Selegiline, rasagiline, and safinamide are all what class of drug, used in the management of what?

Answer 53

MAO-B inhibitors, used in Parkinson's

Question 54

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by memory impairment AND one of what 4 things?

Answer 54

Aphasia, apraxia (inability to perform previously learned task), agnosia (inability to recognize an object) or inability to plan

Question 55

What is apraxia?

Answer 55

Inability to perform previously learned task

Question 56

What is agnosia?

Answer 56

Inability to recognize an object

Question 57

Cholinesterase inhibitors are used to treat what?

Answer 57

Alzheimer's

Question 58

Donepazil, galantamine, and rivastigmine are what class of med?

Answer 58

Cholinesterase inhibitors

Question 59

Memantine is used to treat what?

Answer 59

Alzheimer's

Question 60

Which drug is used to treat all stages of Alzheimer's?

Answer 60

Donepazil

Question 61

What is the CAGE mnemonic for alcohol use disorder?

Answer 61

Have you ever felt the need to Cut down on drinking; have people Annoyed you by criticizing your drinking; have you ever felt Guilty about your drinking; have you ever had a drink first thing in the AM to steady your nerves (eye opener)

Question 62

What happens to pain tolerance in older adults?

Answer 62

Increases