neurological disorders

Question 1

DEFINE: Grandmal

Answer 1

Seizure that lasts no more than 60-90 seconds.

Question 2

DEFINE: Cluster seizures

Answer 2

Multiple seizures of normal duration occuring in groups over a number of hours

Question 3

DEFINE: sTATUS EPILEPITICUS

Answer 3

seizures follow one enother without recovery inbetween

Question 4

DEFINE: Petit Mal (absent seizure)

Answer 4

short minor convulsion where slight muscle tremour is noticed. but full convulsion does not take place

Question 5

THREE stages of a seizure

Answer 5

PRE - ICTAL
ICTAL
POST - ICTAL

Question 6

DEFINE: Pre ictal

Answer 6

period of time just before seizure

Question 7

pre ictal clinical signs

Answer 7

restlessness

anxiousness

Question 8

DEFINE: ictal

Answer 8

the actual seziure

Question 9

ictal clinical signs

Answer 9

collapses
loss of conciousness
clonic and tonic muscle spasms
loss of bladder/bowel control
chomping of jaw 
vocalisation

Question 10

DEFINE: post ictal

Answer 10

time immedietly after seizure

Question 11

post ictal clinical signs

Answer 11

dazed
dissorintaion
restless
tired
may sleep for extended period of time

Question 12

define: EEG

Answer 12

electro encephalography - probes attached to skull to measure electrical acivitiy

Question 13

define: consciousness

Answer 13

a quality of self awareness, surroundings and an ability to respond to external stimuli

Question 14

define: unconsciousness

Answer 14

no ability to respond to external stimuli

Question 15

depths of unconsciousness - two

Answer 15

stupor

coma

Question 16

Expand: stupor

Answer 16

can be roused
pedal withdrawal
pipillay light reflexes still present

Question 17

expand: coma

Answer 17

prolonged unconsiousness
all body functions are present
animal can not be roused 
absent pedal and eye reflexes
mimics surgical anaesthesia

Question 18

define: confusion

Answer 18

inability to think clearly or quickly

Question 19

define: syncope

Answer 19

temporary loss of consciousness (fainting)

Question 20

what causes syncope:

Answer 20

loss of blood pressure
lack of oxygen to brain
hypoglycaemia

Question 21

define: ataxia

Answer 21

unsteady gait caused by incoordination of the muscles

Question 22

define: paralysis

Answer 22

loss of voluntary muscle control

Question 23

define: paraesis

Answer 23

WEAKNESS of voluntary muscles

Question 24

define: lower motor neuron paresis

Answer 24

short strided walk, bunny hopping colapse

Question 25

define: upper motor neuron paresis

Answer 25

spasmodic, stiffness. proprioceptive deficits

Question 26

define: quadriparesis / tetraparesis

Answer 26

weaknes in all 4 limbs

Question 27

define: quadriplegia / tetraplegia

Answer 27

paralysis of all 4 limbs

Question 28

define: paraplegia

Answer 28

paralaysis of both hind limbs

Question 29

define: parapesis

Answer 29

weakness of both hind limbs

Question 30

define: hemiparesis

Answer 30

weakness of one side of body

Question 31

define: hemiplegia

Answer 31

paralysis of one side of the body

Question 32

define: monoplegia

Answer 32

paralysis of one limb

Question 33

changes in cerebral or forebrain cause:

Answer 33

``` ataxia behavioural changes seizures weakness circling pacing ```

Question 34

changes in the cerebella or hindbrain cause:

Answer 34

``` head tilt nystagmus ataxia tremours dysmetria (lack of coordination) hypermetria (over reaching) ```

Question 35

changes in the spine cause:

Answer 35

``` paralysis paresis weakness abnormal reflexes incontinence ```