Wounds Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
open wound - define
A
break in the skin surface
2
Q
A
3
Q
wounds: 2 x clasifications
A
open & Closed
4
Q
open - 7 types
A
avulsion, abraisions, deegloving, incised, lacerations, shear, puncture
5
Q
possible causes of: avulsions
A
dog fights, falls, RTA
6
Q
possible causes of: abrasions
A
Friction, RTA
7
Q
possible causes of: Degloving
A
RTA or animal trap
8
Q
possible causes of: incised
A
knife/scalpel, glass, metal
9
Q
possible causes of: laceration
A
dog fights, barbed wire, RTA
10
Q
possible causes of: shear
A
dog fight, animal trap
11
Q
possible causes of: puncute
A
bites, shootings, nails, thorns, teeth
12
Q
appearance of: avulsions
A
skin is torn from your body during an accident or other injury
13
Q
appearance of: abraisions
A
shallow scrape on the skin surface
14
Q
appearance of: degloving
A
extensive section of skin is completely torn off the underlying tissue
15
Q
appearance of: incised
A
clean cut through the tissues
16
Q
appearance of: laceration
A
produced by the tearing of soft body tissue
17
Q
appearance of: shear
A
downward pressure AND friction.
18
Q
appearance of: puncture
A
pointed object that pierces or penetrates the skin.
19
Q
Closed - 3 types
A
haematoma, contusion, injuries to internal organs
20
Q
possible causes of: haematoma
A
head shaking, blunt trauma
21
Q
possible causes of: contusion
A
blunt force trauma, blood sampling, surgery
22
Q
possible causes of: internal injuries
A
blunt force trauma, dog fights, rta, kick injuries
23
Q
appearance of: haematoma
A
abnormal collection of blood outside of a blood vessel
24
Q
appearance of: contusion
A
blood vessels are damaged or broken as the result of a blow to the skin
25
appearance of: internal injury
Disturbance of the different regulating systems in the body
26
wound healing phases
inflamatory phase, proliferative phase, remodelling phase.
27
signs of inflammation
PRISH Pain, Redness, Irittation, Swelling, Heat
28
Define: Acute inflammation
immediate and rapid response to an injury
29
define: chronic inflammation
inflammatory response which has occured for longer than expected (weeks/months)
30
3 x outcomes of wound healing
resolutiom, regeneration, organisation
31
define: resolution
no tissue distruction, inflammatory process is mild, tissue returns to its orginal state before the injury
32
three examples of why chronic inflammation might occur
persistant infections, prolonged exposure to foreign body, autoimmune disease
33
define: regeneration
damaged tissue is replaced by proliferation of remaining cells.
34
when can regeneration occur
when vasculature is still intact to allow blood supply
35
what types of cells are unable to regenerate
cardiac cells and nuerons
36
define: organisation (wound outcome)
cells cannot be repaire by regeneration, tissues heals by formation of scar tissue
37
What is 2 problems with scar tissue
loss of function, more susceptible to recurrent damage
38
most tissues heal by a combination of the three outcomes. True or False
TRUE
39
define: wound contamination
a wound with bacteria in
40
what is the only wound that can be classed as truly clean
surgical wound
41
optimal time to treat a wound
within 6 hours
42
wound contamination - 0-6 hours
golden period, contaiminated but not infected, little bacteria multiplication
43
wound contamination - 6-12 hours
bacteria begining to divide. early stages of infection,
44
wound contamination - over 12 hours
infection established
45
descibe a clean wound
surgical wound, no break in sterility, surgically prepaired, no contaminated body systems entered
46
describe a clean-contaminated wound
surgical wound that enters a contaminated body system, no spillage or spread of contaminate
47
list the contaminated body systems RE: wounds
respiratoty system, gastrointestinal system
48
descibe a contaminated wound
wounds with spillage from contaminated system. severe inflammation but without infection. Fresh open wounds are also contaminated
49
descibe a dirty wound
wound with leaking from pus filled organ. pus present in wound due to infection. traumatic wound with debris or foriegn body
50
defeine: colonisation
the presence of multiplying micro-organisms on wound surface.
51
does colinisation illict an immune response?
no, no clinical signs or symptoms from the animal
52
define: infection (re: wounds)
presence of multiplying micro-organisms which over whelm body's immune system
53
list signs of infection
pus, cellulitis, wound dehiscence (breakdown)
54
factors affecting wound healing: 7 x wound related
movement, infection, tension, poor perfusion, self trauma, tumours, foreign bodies
55
factors affecting wound healing: 4 x patient related
age, malnutrition, drugs, other concurrent diseases
56
aims of lavage x 3
wash debris from wound, dilute bacteria in wound, not cause further damage
57
what is the recommended amount and pressure of lavage?
100ml per cm2. pressure of 7-15psi
58
how would the correct lavage pressure be achieved
20ml syringes with 19g needle
59
three points to remember when lavaging
more fluid = more dilute bacteria. more contaminated = more lavage needed. early lavage = less bacteria given the opportunity to multiply
60
lavage solutions x 6
tap water, sterile saline, hartmans, chlorohexidine, povodine-iodine, hydrogen peroxide
61
tap water - pros + cons
pro - cheap, readily avaliable. con - no antimicrobial properties
62
tap water - indications
external wounds that do not enter a body cavity or joinjt
63
sterile saline - pros + cons
pro - relivelty inexpensive. isotonic, no tissue damage. cons - more acidic than hartmans. no antibacterial action
64
sterile saline - indications
any wound
65
hartmans - pros + cons
pro - relivelty inexpensive. physiologically similar to plasma, no tissue damage. cons - no antibacterial action
66
hartmans - indications
any wound
67
chorhexidine - pros and cons
pro - not inactiviated by organic matter, wide antimicrobial spectrum. cons - high concentrations can cause cell damange and slow granulation tissue formation
68
chorhexidine - indications
contaminated or infected wounds
69
povodine-iodine pros and cons
pro - wide spectrum antimicrobial. cons - poor risidual activity, can cause thyroid disorders, inactivated by debris, pus or organic matter
70
hydrogen peroxide - pros and cons
NOT RECOMMENDED
71
hydrogen peroxide - indications
NOT RECOMMENDED
72
define: debridement
removal of necrotic tissues from the wound, until fresh bleeding edges are exposed.
73
2 x methods of debridment
surgical and debridement dressings
74
3 x main debridement dressings
adherant dressings, hydrogels, hydrocolloids.
75
wound closure: x 4
primary closure (first intention) delayed primary closure, secondary closure, second intention healing
76
define: primary closure
surgical closure of a wound immediatley after presentation
77
deinfe: delayed primary closure
surgical closure of a wound 3 - 5 days after initial injury
78
define: secondary closure
surgical closure of a wound 5 - 7 days after initial injury
79
define: secondary intention
heals by granulationm epithilisation and contraction - regular bandage changes. not healing with surgical intervention.
80
Surgical drains: when might they be used?
when surgery or trauma disrupts the hypoderm. skin no longer attached to fascia. may create a dead space which will fill with fluid and can increase infection rates.
81
functions of wound dressings x 5
absorb exudates. analgesia, protection of wound, prevention of infection, promotion of wound healing
82
3 x classifications of wound dressings
passive, interactive, bioactive.
83
define: passive wound dressing
having no action on the wound
84
define: interactive wound dressing
responding to the wound environment in some way
85
define: bioactive wound dressing
having a biological effect ont he wound
86
management specific to skin grafts
robort jones bandage, v.careful bandage changes, aspective wound mangaement, non-adherant primary dressing layer.
87
define: direct contact
grooming, biting, close body contact
88
define: indirect contact
coming into contact that an infected animal has also been in contact with (bedding, food bowls, fomites)
89
define: contagious
patient can infect another through direct or indirect contact
90
define: non contagious
patient cannot infect another via indirect or direct contact]
91
define: isolation
eliminates possibility of contact by isolating animal - used in conjuction with barrier nursing
92
Define: quarrenteen
compulsary isolation of animals with, or exposed to contagious infectious deisease
93
define: barrier nursing
reduces indirect contact with infectious agents. gloves, gowns, seperate equipment
94
define: protective isolation
isolation of susceptible animals in an attempt to protect them from potential infection
