reproductive disorders

Question 1

Endocrine abnormality:

delayed onset of puberty

Answer 1

cyclical activiy is not present at 4 months of age

Question 2

Endocrine abnormality:

silent oestrus cycles

Answer 2

normal cycle activity, including ovulation but with no extrernal signs

Question 3

Endocrine abnormality:

split oestrus

Answer 3

signs of pro-oestrus but doesnt termiinate in normal ovulation
followed 2-12 weeks later by normal cycle

Question 4

Endocrine abnormality:

ovulation failure

Answer 4

bitches have apprently normal oestrus peroids but with an absence of ovulation
due to insufficient relax release of LH at mating - Queens

Question 5

Endocrine abnormality:

prolonged anoestrus

Answer 5

failue to return to cyclical activiy - resulting in a prolonged interoesturst interval

Question 6

Endocrine abnormality:

treatment

Answer 6

establish animal is not pregnant
check for pyometera and mastitis
signs will gradulally decline within 1 - 3 weeks

hormones to suppress lactation and reduce prolactin

Question 7

Diseases of the overies:

Absence of ovarian development

Answer 7

defective development or congenital absence of organ or tissue

unilateral - can affect fertility

Question 8

Diseases of the overies:

Neoplasia / cysts

Answer 8

cysts are rare in both species, may be associated with signs of persistant oestrus

ovarian tumors are rare

Question 9

Diseases of the overies:

intersex

Answer 9

posses both ovarian and testicular tissues.
abnormal appearance of external genitals - os clitoris

gonads can be found in a normal ovarian position or within the scrotum

Question 10

Diseases of the overies:

Premature Ovarian failure

Answer 10

may be seen in Queens >8yrs. These animals stop cycling

Question 11

Diseases of the uterus:

pyometra

Answer 11

bacterial infection of the cervix and uterus

Question 12

Diseases of the uterus:

pyo - clinical signs

Answer 12

depression / lethargy
pu/pd
anorexia
pyrexia
vomitting
\+/- vaginal discharge
toxarmic shock

Question 13

Diseases of the uterus:

pyo - treatment

Answer 13

IVFT
OVH - once stablised
antibiotics

Question 14

Diseases of the vagina and vestibule:

congential abornmalities

Answer 14

segmnatal aplasia = missing portion of the vagina

hymenal = narrow of the hymen

Question 15

Diseases of the vagina and vestibule:

vaginitis

Answer 15

prepubertal bitches or canine herpesvirus

Question 16

Diseases of the vagina and vestibule:

neoplasia

Answer 16

can be seen in the entire bitch or queen

removed with OVH or removal using an episiotomy

Question 17

Diseases of the vagina and vestibule:

vaginal hyperplasia

Answer 17

naturally regress at end of oestrus

exposed mucosa must be kept clean

Question 18

Diseases of the vagina and vestibule:

vaginal prolapse

Answer 18

less common than hyperplasia and will regress spontaneously

Question 19

vulval atresia

Answer 19

deformed vulva

Question 20

vulval agenesis

Answer 20

absence of vulva

Question 21

define: mammectomy

Answer 21

removal of affected gland

Question 22

define; local masectomy

Answer 22

removal of gland and an adjacent gland

Question 23

define: radical masectomy or mamary strip

Answer 23

removal of all glands on affected sides

Question 24

Diseases of the testes:

cyrptrorchidism

Answer 24

inherited condition. one or both testicles do not descend

Question 25

Diseases of the testes: | orchitis

Answer 25

inflammation of testes caused by trauma or ascending bacterial infection

Question 26

Diseases of the testes: | neoplasia

Answer 26

``` testicular tumours common in dogs - rare in cats leydig cell tumours sertoli cell tumours seminoma - affects germ cells ```

Question 27

Diseases of the accessory glands: | benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 27

seen in older dogs - result of hormal stimulation faecal tenesmus gland can become infected

Question 28

Diseases of the accessory glands: | prostatic cysts and abscesses

Answer 28

if BPH persists, prostate may develop cysts or abscesses, which may grow to considerable size. may become life threatening

Question 29

Diseases of the accessory glands: | prositis

Answer 29

inflammation of prostate gland

Question 30

Diseases of the accessory glands: | prostatic neoplasia

Answer 30

prostatic carcinoma rapidily spreads to adjacent lymph nodes

Question 31

Diseases of the accessory glands: | clinical signs

Answer 31

``` cysitis caudal abdomen pain faecal and urinary tenesmus pyrexia anorexia weight loss toxaemia blood in semen ```

Question 32

Diseases of the accessory glands: | clinical signs

Answer 32

``` cysitis caudal abdomen pain faecal and urinary tenesmus pyrexia anorexia weight loss toxaemia blood in semen ```

Question 33

Diseases of the accessory glands: | diagnosis

Answer 33

``` rectal palpation urinalysis radiography altrasonography FNAB Ejaculation sample prostatic flushing ```

Question 34

Diseases of the accessory glands: | treatment

Answer 34

``` surgical castration chemical castration surgical drainage antibiotics radiotherapy ```

Question 35

Diseases of the penis and prepuce: | phimosis

Answer 35

inability to extrude the penis due to abnormally small preputial orifice

Question 36

Diseases of the penis and prepuce: | paraphimosis

Answer 36

failure to retract the penis into prepuse

Question 37

Diseases of the penis and prepuce: | priapism

Answer 37

the persistant elargement of the penis is absense of sexual excitement

Question 38

Diseases of the penis and prepuce: | lymphoid hyperplasia

Answer 38

common condition where multiple lesions are present on bulbus glandis

Question 39

Ferrets Persistant oestrus

Answer 39

increased oestradiol levels

Question 40

Ferrets Persistant oestrus clinical signs

Answer 40

alopecia swelling of vulva pancytopenia

Question 41

Ferrets Persistant oestrus treatment and prevention

Answer 41

spay ferret before oestrus cycle female can be mated using a vasectomised male ferret

Question 42

Snakes, lizards, chelonia egg binding

Answer 42

(dystocia, foetal retention, post ovulatory stasis) egg binding occurs when female can not pass mature eggs formed in reproductive system often in first time breeding females

Question 43

Snakes, lizards, chelonia egg binding causes

Answer 43

``` poor husbandry incorrect nesting sites improper temperature poor nutrition dehydration stress breeding to young breeding to old too large egg hormonal or systemic condition ```

Question 44

Snakes, lizards, chelonia egg binding clinical signs - snakes

Answer 44

``` laying some eggs swelling in caudal half of body non productive straining discomfort cloacal prolapse ```

Question 45

Snakes, lizards, chelonia egg binding clinical signs - turtrles

Answer 45

``` depression swelling at cloaca dysponea digging with hind feet non productive straining ```

Question 46

Snakes, lizards, chelonia egg binding clinical signs - lizzards

Answer 46

``` depression, inactivity lethargy cachexia non productive straining anorexia - common in reproducing lizzards ```

Question 47

Snakes, lizards, chelonia egg binding clinical signs - tortoises

Answer 47

``` depression anorexia non productive straining cloacal swelling egg bound tortoise should not be allowed to hibernate ```

Question 48

Snakes, lizards, chelonia egg binding treatment

Answer 48

supportive treatment first correct husbandry quiet environment if some eggs - no treatment for 48 hours physical manipulation - gentle pressure to produce egg hormonal stimulation = arginine vasotocin ovocentesis - content of retained egg can be removed by passing a needle through the skin into egg - reduces size of the egg