neurological + visual field diseases Flashcards
what are the two symptoms which would make you consider a neuro-ophthalmic disease
eye movement defect e.g double vision
visual defects e.g. visual acuity, field loss
what does CN III innervate
Medial rectus muscle Inferior rectus Superior rectus Inferior oblique Sphincter pupillae Levator palpebrae superioris
all but 2 of the ocular muscles
what does CN IV enervate
superior oblique muscle
remember by thinking of SO4 (sulphate)
what does CN VI innervate
lateral rectus muscle
what are the causes of a CN III palsy
Microvascular Tumour Aneurysm MS Congenital
what are the symptoms of a CN III palsy
drooping lid
eye is looking down and out in a neutral position
basically almost every eye movement is a bit off
when would you suspect that an aneurysm was the cause of a CN III palsy
if the patient was in pain
what are the causes of a CN IV palsy
Congenital decompensated
Microvascular
Tumour
Closed head trauma
what are the symptoms of a CN IV palsy
one eye being higher than the other when looking straight a head
head tilt
when would you suspect that closed head trauma was the cause of a CN IV palsy
if the symptoms were bilateral
what movements are affected in CN IV palsy
adduction
abduction (slightly)
torsion
what are the causes of a CN VI palsy
Microvascular
Raised ICP
Tumour
Congenital
what eye movement will be affected by a CN VI palsy
abduction
what symptoms would make you suspect that raised ICP was the cause of a CN VI palsy
both eyes affected
papilloedema
what is Inter-nuclear ophthalmoplegia
lack of co-ordination between the eyes
