Neurology Flashcards
(60 cards)
The pyramidal tract begins in the….. and travel to …..
primary motor cortex in the frontal lobe to the brainstem > decussate to the orher side @medulla & spinal cord juntion
The decussation of pyramidal tract is responsible for
Contraateral innervation
2 parts of pyramidal tract (direct pathways)
corticobulbar & corticospinal tracts
Function of pyramida tract
Mediate gross motor movement rather than fine
Facial expression
Do both pyramidal tract and extrapyramidal tract exit the CNS?
No!
During speech & other voluntary activities, …… tract() be used to receive inputs.
Both tracts
The 2 tracts will influence the movements of the …….. so that the movements are smooth, graded, flowing and seemless.
LMN
Symptoma of lesion in pyramidal tract include
increased muscle tone/ spasticity hyperreflexia Muscle weakness Changes in posture Involuntary movement
Both tracts may rise to a specific type of dysarthria called ……… that will have effect on ……
spastic dysarthria on phonation and prosody
Extrapyramida tract control
posture, muscle tone, reflexes and the coordination of these movements
Extrapyramidal tract makes several stops including
the basal ganglia and cerebellar control circuis and thalamus (biological clock)
Extrapyramidal tract begins in the ……. and travel to either ….. or
brainstem, cranial nerve nuclei or ventral horns of the spinal cord
Damage to extrapyramidal tract will produce
Dyskinesias (loss of coordination)
Basal ganglia circuit (BGCC) consists of
caudate nucleus putamen globus pallidus substania nigra subthalamic nuclei
BGCC regulates
muscle tone motor control (primary function) eye movements posture movements associated with goal-directed behavior sequencing of movements
Damage to BGCC will produce
tremor bradykinesia or slowness of movement postural instability, involuntary movement changes, difficulty in initiating & stopping movement cognitive impairments Gait disturbance addictive behaviors mood state difficulties> to regulate emotional response
Damage to BGCC will produce … (movement disorders)
hyperkinesia (too much movement)
hypokinesia (too little movement)
Hypokinesia >
associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD)
hypokinetix dysarthria
PD is caused by a loss of neurotrasmitter …….
dopamine in the substansia nigra in BGCC
Hypkinetic dysarthria will have the greatest effect on
a phonation (voice), articulation and prosody (monopitch)
Hyperkinesis:
Chorea: random, dancelike movements that affect prosody the most
Dytonia: Slow, sustained and repetitive moevements that affect articulation the most
Cerebellar control circuit controls
coordination of muscle activity for smooth and skilled movement production.
Anterior lobe of the cerebellum regulates
posture, gait and truncal tone
Anterior lobe of the cerebellum regulates
skilled and finely-tuned movements
