Com Sci Dis Quiz 4

Question 1

Population of interest for feeding and swallowing disorders

Answer 1

1. Pediatric feeding and swallowing disorders

2. Adult dysphagia

Question 2

Mastication

Answer 2

Chewing

Question 3

Deglutition

Answer 3

Swallowing

Question 4

Dysphagia

Answer 4

Difficulty of swallowing

Question 5

Feeding

Answer 5

Early stages of swallowing

Question 6

Bolus

Answer 6

food or liquid mixed with saliva that is to be swallowed

Question 7

What is the larynx?

Answer 7

A tube within the tube of the throat

Question 8

A primary purpose of the larynx

Answer 8

to protect the airway

Question 9

The larynx has an overlaid function of ….

Answer 9

phonation

Question 10

Anatomical structures necessary for efficient feeding and swallowing

Answer 10

1. Soft palate (velum)
2. Throat (pharynx)
3. Larynx
4. Esophagus

Question 11

4 stages of swallowing

Answer 11

1. Oral preparatory stage
2. Oral stage
3. Pharyngeal stage
4. Esophageal stage

Question 12

What happens in the oral preparatory stage?

Answer 12

• preparing food for transport
• lips, tongue, soft palate hold food within oral cavity
• tongue moves bolus around to be chewed
• tongue gathers bolus into central groove

Question 13

What happens in the oral (transport) stage?

Answer 13

• Bolus is transported from oral cavity into the pharynx.

Question 14

When is the swallow reflex triggered?

Answer 14

When the bolus touches the back of the oral cavity (faucial pillars)

Question 15

What happens in the pharyngeal stage?

Answer 15

• Bolus is propelled into the pharynx.
• Muscles of the pharynx contract > move the bolus down > the back of the larynx
• • airway closes
• • larynx elevates
• • upper opening of the esophagus is pulled open

Question 16

What happens in the esophagus stage?

Answer 16

• transport of the bolus to the stomach by the esophagus through a movement called “Peristalsys”

Question 17

Results of an “impaired” swallow

Answer 17

Penetration

Aspiration

Question 18

What is penetration?

Answer 18

When food and liquid gets past the upper boundary of the larynx

Question 19

Penetration results in

Answer 19

coughing
choking
respiratory distress

Question 20

What is aspiration?

Answer 20

When food enters the larynx and passes into trachea and lungs

Question 21

Aspiration results in

Answer 21

infection (pneumonitis)

asphyxiation

Question 22

4systems of speech production

Answer 22

1. Respiratory
2. Phonatory
3. Resonatory
4. Articulatory

Question 23

What system is involved in producing sounds and modifying word stress, intonation and other aspects of prosody

Answer 23

Phonatory

Question 24

Vocal folds held together longer to

Answer 24

increase loudness

Question 25

Vocal folds stretched to

Answer 25

manipulate frequency (pitch)

Question 26

What is velopharyngeal port?

Answer 26

the opening between the velum & the back of the pharynx wall

Question 27

When velum is raised, VP port is

Answer 27

closed > air goes in oral cavity

Question 28

When velum is lowered, VP

Answer 28

open > air goes in both the oral and nasal cavity

Question 29

Major structures in articulatory system include

Answer 29

lower jaw Tongue Lips

Question 30

The most important articulator is

Answer 30

tongue

Question 31

Tongue comprises intrinsic and extrinsic muscle groups divided into 4 sections:

Answer 31

Apex (tip) Lamina or blade (front) Center (middle part) Dorsum (back)

Question 32

The difference between the articulation of consonants and vowels

Answer 32

Consonants > a constriction in the vocal tract | Vowels > relatively little or not constriction of the vocal tract

Question 33

What is motor planning?

Answer 33

the processes that define the sequence articulatory goals prior to their occurence

Question 34

What is motor programming?

Answer 34

For establishing & preparing the flow of motor info across the muscle for speech production specifying the timing and force required for the movements

Question 35

What is motor execution?

Answer 35

activating relevant muscles during the movements used in speech production

Question 36

What is schemas?

Answer 36

memory representations of relationships between various sources of info

Question 37

Etiology of motor speech disorders (acquired)

Answer 37

damage to a previously intact nervous system most often caused by CVA, degenerative diseases, brain tumors, and TBI

Question 38

Etiology of motor speech disorders (developmental)

Answer 38

results from abnormal dev of the nervous system < congenital diseases (CP) and a variety of genetic syndromes (fragile X, down syndrome), TBI, tumors, CVA

Question 39

What causes involuntary movements

Answer 39

tremors

Question 40

Contextual factors include

Answer 40

both personal and environmental factors

Question 41

4 aspects to consider about motor speech disorders

Answer 41

- body structure - body function - activity/ participation - contextual factors

Question 42

Motor speech disorders

Answer 42

Motor programming and planning disorders and acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) Acquired dysarthria Developmental dysarthria

Question 43

AOS affects primarily ….

Answer 43

the articulatory system of speech production and prosody

Question 44

Characteristics of AOS

Answer 44

Effortful, slow speech with increased pauses between syllables and sounds, distortion of speech sounds, impaired prosody

Question 45

Types of dysarthria

Answer 45

``` Spastic Flaccid Hypokinetic Ataxic Unilateral upper motor neuron Dyskinetic ```

Question 46

Spastic dysarthria

Answer 46

increased muscle tone (hypertonicity) weakness reduced speed and range of movement and a state of hyperreflexes

Question 47

Cause of spastic dysarthria

Answer 47

lesions in the motor cortex and its pathway to the LMN that cause muscle contraction

Question 48

Causes of hyper/Hypokinetic dysarthria

Answer 48

Damage to the basal ganglia

Question 49

Causes of ataxic dysarthria

Answer 49

damage to the crebellum

Question 50

Which dysarthria do they include manifestation of tremors?

Answer 50

hypokinetic tremor | Ataxic tremor