Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Longwood University > Com Sci Dis Quiz 4 > Flashcards

Com Sci Dis Quiz 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Population of interest for feeding and swallowing disorders

A
  1. Pediatric feeding and swallowing disorders

2. Adult dysphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty of swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Feeding

A

Early stages of swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bolus

A

food or liquid mixed with saliva that is to be swallowed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the larynx?

A

A tube within the tube of the throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A primary purpose of the larynx

A

to protect the airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The larynx has an overlaid function of ….

A

phonation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anatomical structures necessary for efficient feeding and swallowing

A
  1. Soft palate (velum)
  2. Throat (pharynx)
  3. Larynx
  4. Esophagus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 stages of swallowing

A
  1. Oral preparatory stage
  2. Oral stage
  3. Pharyngeal stage
  4. Esophageal stage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens in the oral preparatory stage?

A
  • preparing food for transport
  • lips, tongue, soft palate hold food within oral cavity
  • tongue moves bolus around to be chewed
  • tongue gathers bolus into central groove
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens in the oral (transport) stage?

A
  • Bolus is transported from oral cavity into the pharynx.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When is the swallow reflex triggered?

A

When the bolus touches the back of the oral cavity (faucial pillars)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens in the pharyngeal stage?

A
  • Bolus is propelled into the pharynx.
  • Muscles of the pharynx contract > move the bolus down > the back of the larynx
    • airway closes
    • larynx elevates
    • upper opening of the esophagus is pulled open
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens in the esophagus stage?

A
  • transport of the bolus to the stomach by the esophagus through a movement called “Peristalsys”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Results of an “impaired” swallow

A

Penetration

Aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is penetration?

A

When food and liquid gets past the upper boundary of the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Penetration results in

A

coughing
choking
respiratory distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is aspiration?

A

When food enters the larynx and passes into trachea and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Aspiration results in

A

infection (pneumonitis)

asphyxiation

22
Q

4systems of speech production

A
  1. Respiratory
  2. Phonatory
  3. Resonatory
  4. Articulatory
23
Q

What system is involved in producing sounds and modifying word stress, intonation and other aspects of prosody

A

Phonatory

24
Q

Vocal folds held together longer to

A

increase loudness

25
Q

Vocal folds stretched to

A

manipulate frequency (pitch)

26
Q

What is velopharyngeal port?

A

the opening between the velum & the back of the pharynx wall

27
Q

When velum is raised, VP port is

A

closed > air goes in oral cavity

28
Q

When velum is lowered, VP

A

open > air goes in both the oral and nasal cavity

29
Q

Major structures in articulatory system include

A

lower jaw
Tongue
Lips

30
Q

The most important articulator is

A

tongue

31
Q

Tongue comprises intrinsic and extrinsic muscle groups divided into 4 sections:

A

Apex (tip)
Lamina or blade (front)
Center (middle part)
Dorsum (back)

32
Q

The difference between the articulation of consonants and vowels

A

Consonants > a constriction in the vocal tract

Vowels > relatively little or not constriction of the vocal tract

33
Q

What is motor planning?

A

the processes that define the sequence articulatory goals prior to their occurence

34
Q

What is motor programming?

A

For establishing & preparing the flow of motor info across the muscle for speech production

specifying the timing and force required for the movements

35
Q

What is motor execution?

A

activating relevant muscles during the movements used in speech production

36
Q

What is schemas?

A

memory representations of relationships between various sources of info

37
Q

Etiology of motor speech disorders (acquired)

A

damage to a previously intact nervous system

most often caused by CVA, degenerative diseases, brain tumors, and TBI

38
Q

Etiology of motor speech disorders (developmental)

A

results from abnormal dev of the nervous system

< congenital diseases (CP) and a variety of genetic syndromes (fragile X, down syndrome), TBI, tumors, CVA

39
Q

What causes involuntary movements

A

tremors

40
Q

Contextual factors include

A

both personal and environmental factors

41
Q

4 aspects to consider about motor speech disorders

A
  • body structure
  • body function
  • activity/ participation
  • contextual factors
42
Q

Motor speech disorders

A

Motor programming and planning disorders and acquired apraxia of speech (AOS)

Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS)

Acquired dysarthria

Developmental dysarthria

43
Q

AOS affects primarily ….

A

the articulatory system of speech production and prosody

44
Q

Characteristics of AOS

A

Effortful, slow speech with increased pauses between syllables and sounds, distortion of speech sounds, impaired prosody

45
Q

Types of dysarthria

A 
Spastic 
Flaccid 
Hypokinetic 
Ataxic 
Unilateral upper motor neuron
Dyskinetic
46
Q

Spastic dysarthria

A

increased muscle tone (hypertonicity)
weakness
reduced speed and range of movement and a state of hyperreflexes

47
Q

Cause of spastic dysarthria

A

lesions in the motor cortex and its pathway to the LMN that cause muscle contraction

48
Q

Causes of hyper/Hypokinetic dysarthria

A

Damage to the basal ganglia

49
Q

Causes of ataxic dysarthria

A

damage to the crebellum

50
Q

Which dysarthria do they include manifestation of tremors?

A

hypokinetic tremor

Ataxic tremor

Longwood University (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions