Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Step 2 CK > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Ischemic strokes < ____ hours old are usually not visible on CT

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Riluzole

A

treatment modestly increases survival in ALS by decreasing presynaptic glutamate release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Facial nerve palsy is seen as a complication in what diseases?

A

AIDS, Lyme, Sarcoid, Tumors, Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Single greatest risk factor for stroke?

A

HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nerve root: achilles?

A

S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nerve root: patella

A

L3,4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nerve root: biceps

A

C5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nerve root: triceps

A

C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name artery: contralateral paresis, sensory loss in leg, cognitive and personality change

A

ACA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name artery: homonymous hemianopia, vertigo

A

PCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name artery: pure motor, pure sensory, ataxic hemiparesis, dysarthria

A

Lacunar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

contralateral paresis, sensory loss in face and arm, gaze to side of lesion, neglect if non-dom hemisphere, aphasia if dom hemisphere

A

MCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Target INR when someone has a prosthetic valve?

A

2.5-3.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Etiologies of SAH?

A

ruptured berry aneurysm (saccular aneurysm), AVM, trauma to circle of willis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Rapid onset of “worst HA of my life” with photophobia and neck stiffness?

A

SAH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If CT is negative and you have suspicion of SAH what should you do?

A

LP (RBCs, xanthochromia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Once SAH has been confirmed, next test?

A

Four vessel angiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Conditions associated with berry aneurysm that make SAH more likely diagnosis?

A

Marfan, aortic coarc, ADPKD, ehlers danlos, sickle-cell anemia, smoking, atherosclerosis, htn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Treatment for SAH?

A
  • -neurosurg for definitive
  • prevent rebleed (BP <150)
  • revent vasospasm/ischemic stroke (CCBs- nimodipine)
  • decrease ICP
  • treat hydrocephalus with lumbar drain, serial LPs, ventriculoperitoneal shunt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Major cause of delayed morbidity/mortality in SAH?

A

vasospasm- ischemic stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Early and late signs and symptoms of intracerebral hemorrhage are?

A

early: focal motor, sensory deficits that worsen as hematoma expands
late: increased ICP (vomit, HA, brady, reduced altertness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Suspect herniation if patient develops _____

A

Cushing’s triad: hypertension, brady, irregular respiration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

common etiology for septic thrombosis of cavernous sinus?

A

central face skin infection, orbit infection, sinus infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

blown pupil suggests impending ____

A

ipsilateral brainstem compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Rupture of bridging veins
subdural
26
more common hematoma in elderly and alcoholics
subdural
27
immediate loss of consciousness, followed by lucid interval and then subsequent loss of consciosness (changes over minutes/hours)
epidural
28
most common bug causing cavernous sinus infection
staph aureus
29
Abortive therapy for migraines
triptans (after NSAIDS)
30
Prophylactic migraine therapy
anticonvulsant (gabapentin, topiramate, TCAs, B-block, CCB)
31
First episode of cluster HA require?
MRI, carotid artery ultrasound (to exclude brain lesion or disorders associated with horner like CA dissection or cavernous sinus infection)
32
Prophylactic therapy for cluster HA?
verapamil
33
in patients > 50 with new HA what should you do?
ESR to rule out GSA
34
patient presents with uncontrollable twitching of his thumb and is fully aware of symptoms. what kind of seizure?
simple, partial seizure
35
patient presents with lip smacking and impaired level of consciousness followed by confusion? type of seizure?
complex partial
36
simple seizure means
no impaired LOC
37
EEG normal during concerning seziure think?
pseudoseizure
38
first line anticonvulsant in children?
phenobarbital
39
2nd line for absence seizure
valproic acid
40
what should you give a patient who has been seizing > 5 mins to treat potential etiologies?
thiamine, glucose, naloxone
41
Treatment for status epi?
IV benzo at 5 mins. Another IV benzo 5-10 mins after if needed. If 20 minutes go by, give fosphenytoin.
42
BPPV
otolith leads to disturbance in semicircular canals.
43
patients with transient episodic vertigo lasting < 1 min and nystagmus triggered by changes in head position?
BPPV
44
vertigo and vomiting for 1 week after recovering from viral infection?
vestibular neuritis
45
epley maneuver can be used to resolve?
BPPV
46
What may present with similar symptoms to labrynthitis?
anterior inferior cerebellar artery stroke
47
Treatment for optic neuritis?
IV steroids
48
how can you distinguish ALS from cervical spondylosis?
bulbar involvement suggests pathology above foreman magnum-> ALS
49
periodic sharp wave complexes on EEG?
creutzfeld-jakob
50
clumps of alpha synuclein proteins
lewy body
51
cerebral atrophy of caudate/putamen, altered behavior, dementia and random movements?
huntington (CAG repeats on chrom 4)
52
how can you differentiate gait in NPH from gait in parkinson's?
preservation of arm swing i n NPH
53
Parkinson tetrad
resting tremor (decreases with voluntary movement) rigidity bradykinesia stooped posture (instability)
54
etiology of parkinson disease.
DA deficiency in substantia nigra, Ach excess
55
etiology of Alz
Ach and NE deficient
56
most common primary CNS tumors in adults
glioblastoma multiforme | meningioma
57
rhabdo of heart esp in apex of LV affects 50% of patients with?
tuberous sclerosis
58
sebaceous adenomas in a butterfly distribution?
tuberous sclerosis
59
Infantile spasms may be an early sign of
tuberous sclerosis
60
left superior MCA stroke in posterior inferior frontal cortex may cause?
broca aphasia
61
left posterior superior lobe. due to inferior MCA stroke?
wernicke aphasia
62
encephalopathy, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia
wernicke encephalopathy
63
anterograde and retrograde amnesia, horizontal nystagmus, confabulations
korsakoffs (irreversible)
64
open angle glaucoma occurs _____ while closed angle glaucoma occurs _____
bilaterally. unilaterally
65
gradual loss of peripheral vision?
open angle glaucoma
66
painless loss of central vision with distortion of straight lines?
macular degeneration

Step 2 CK (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions