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Neurology (F.A.) Flashcards

1
Q

what are the walls and cavities of the Telencephalon

A

walls- cerebral cortex

cavity- lateral ventricles

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2
Q

what are the walls and cavities of the Diencephalon

A

walls- thalamus/hypothalamus

cavity- 3rd ventricle

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3
Q

what are the walls and cavities of the Mesencephalon

A

walls- midbrain

cavity - cerebral aqueduct

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4
Q

what are the walls and cavities of the Metencephalon

A

walls- pons/cerebellum

cavity- 4th ventricle

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5
Q

what are the walls and cavities of the Myelencephalon

A

walls- medulla

cavity- 4th ventricle

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6
Q

what relays sensation from anterior 2/3 tongue? taste?

A

sensation - CNV3

taste- CN VII

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7
Q

what relays sensation from posterior 1/3 tongue? taste?

A

sensation+taste- CN IX

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8
Q

what is the motor innervation to tongue?

A

XII- hypoglossus, genioglossus, styloglossus

X- palatoglossus

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9
Q

what is meissner’s corpuscles location and main function?

A

un-hairy skin surfaces

light touch,

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10
Q

what is merkel disk’s location and main function?

A 
fingertips, superficial skin 
deep touch (like shapes/edges)
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11
Q

what is pacinain corpuscles location and function?

A

deep skin

pressure

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12
Q

what is ruffini’s corpuscles location and function?

A

finger tips/joints

joint angle change, slippage

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13
Q

What is ACh location of synthesis? D(x)

A

basal nucleus of Meynert

decreased in Alzheimer’s, decreased Huntington’s, increased in Parkinson’s

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14
Q

What is NE location of synthesis? D(x)

A 
locus ceruleus (post. rostral pons) 
increased in anxiety, decreased in depression
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15
Q

What is 5HT location of synthesis? D(x)

A

Raphe Nucleus

decreased in anxiety and depression

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16
Q

What is Dopamine location of synthesis? D(x)

A

Substantia Nigra

decreased in Parkinson’s, increased in Schitzophrenia

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17
Q

What is GABA location of synthesis? D(x)

A

nucelus accumbens

decreased in Huntington’s, decreased in anxiety

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18
Q

What EEG waveform is associated with awake, eyes open?

A

Beta

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19
Q

What EEG waveform is associated with awake, eyes closed?

A

Alpha

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20
Q

What EEG waveform and action is associated with NONREM stage 1?

A

Theta

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21
Q

What EEG waveform and action is associated with NONREM stage 2?

A

Spindle

Bruxism

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22
Q

What EEG waveform and action is associated with NONREM stage 3?

A

Delta

night terrors, sleep walking, bedwetting

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23
Q

REM EEG waveform and action?

A

Beta

muscle paralysis, increased ACh, erection/dreaming

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24
Q

Papez Circuit constituents?

A

hippocampus, mammillary bodies, cingulate gyrus, anterior thalamic nucleus, entorhinal cortex

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25
decerebrate (extensor) posturing
below red nucleus (pons) | lack of rubrospinal tract (therefore cant flex UE)
26
decorticate (flexor) posturing
above red nucleus (pons) | loss of descending inhibition
27
what travels through foramen spinosum
middle meningeal artery
28
actions of CN VII
motor: all facial muscles of face (except mastication) eyelid closing, lacrimation, SUBMANDIBULAR/SUBLINGUAL salivation, stapedius m (auditory modulation) sensory: taste from ant 2/3 of tongue,
29
actions of CN IX
sensory: taste and sensation from post 1/3 tongue&;tonsils&;middle ear and upper pharynx, carotid body/sinus chemoreceptors motor: swallowing, elevation of pharynx/larynx, PAROTID salivation
30
actions of CN X
sensory: taste and sensation from extreme posterior of tongue and supraglottic motor: efferent gag reflex, uvula, talking, cough, soft palate elevation
31
where should you do a lumbar puncture?
L3-L5 (level of cauda equina | use iliac crest as landmark (= L4)
32
reflex: achilles
S1, S2
33
reflex: patellar
L3,L4
34
reflex: biceps
C5, C6
35
reflex: triceps
C7, C8
36
reflex: cremaster
L1, L2
37
reflex: anal wink
S3, S4
38
Gerstmann Syndrome
lesion in DOMINANT parietal cortex | acalculia, agraphia, L-R disorientation, finger agnosia
39
Hemispatial Neglect Syndrome
lesion in NONdominant parietal cortex | agnosia of contralateral wall
40
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
``` Can O' (beer) = Wernicke Confusion Ataxia Nystagmus Ophthalmoplega ``` Korsakoff= confabulation, antero/retrograde amnesia
41
Kluver-Bucy Syndrome
amygdala lesion | disinhibited behavoir- hypersexual/agressive
42
Parinaud Syndrome
superior colliculus lesion | paralysis of vertical gaze
43
clasp knife spasticity
initial resistance to passive extension, then suddent release Internal capsule lesion (pure motor)
44
within 24 hr of brain ischemia
red neurons
45
within 3 days (24-72 hr) of brain ischemia
neutrophils and necrosis
46
around 3-5 of brain ischemia
microglia
47
around 1-2 weeks after brain ischemia
reactive gliosis (astrocytes) and vascular proliferation
48
>2 wks after brain ischemia
glial scar (astrocytes)
49
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar A stroke symptoms? "lateral medullary (Wallenberg) Syndrome"
(Nucleus Ambiguus effects)- dysphagia, hoarseness, lack of gag reflex **(dont) PICA hoarse (that) can't eat**
50
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar stroke symptoms? "Lateral Pontine Syndrome"
(Facial Nucleus Effects)- face droop
51
Basilar A stroke
"locked in" syndrome
52
lesion in subthalamic nucleus?
pure hemiballismus
53
Anterior Spinal Artery Stroke symptoms (Medial Medullary Syndrome)?
DCML- contralateral decrease in facial and body sensation corticospinal tract- contralateral paralysis hypoglossal nucleus- "tongue licks the wound"
54
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
progressive multifocal inflammation and demyelination following vaccine or infection
55
Charcot Marie Tooth
Autosomal DOMINANT mutation in proteins of myelin synthesis LOWER extremity symptoms- foot drop, foot deformity, pes cavus
56
Krabbe
autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease def: gangliocerebrosiidase s(x)- buildup up gangliocerbroside destroys myelin- developmental delay, peripheral neuropathy, optic atrophy
57
metachromatic leukodystrophy
autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder def: Arylsulfatase A s(x)- buildup of arylsulfatase A destroys myelin, ataxia+ dementia
58
Adrenoleukodystrophy
X-linked, can't metabolize VLCFA, accumulates in testes, adrenal gland, and nervous system
59
Sturge Weber Syndrome
congenital but sporadic. somatic mosiacism GNAQ gene, NCC anomaly. port wine stain ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma (causes seizures, and mental disability) , Train track calcifications EYEs; episcleral hemangioma and glaucoma
60
Tuberous Sclerosis
``` autosomal dominant on TSC1/2 on chromosome 9/16 H- hamartomas in CNS and skin A- ash leaf spots M- mitral valve regurg A angiofibroma R rhbdomyoma T tuberous sclerosis O tosomal dominant M ental retard A angiomyolipoma (renal) S eizures, shagreen patches ```
61
NF1 (von recklinghausen)
autosomal dom, NF1 gene is a tumorsupressor (chromosome 17), skin lesions made of schwan, cafe-au lait, optic gliomas, pheochromocytomas, Lisch nodules
62
NF2
autosomal dom, Merlin gene (chromosome 21), bilateral schwanomas, juvenile cataracts, meningiomas, ependyomas
63
VHL
``` autosomal dom, chrom 3, H- hemangioblastoma A- angiomatosis R- renal cell carcinoma P- pheochromocytoma ```
64
uncal herniation symptoms
- CN III palsy= blown pupils, down and out | - PCA lesion- homonymous hemianopia w/ macular sparing
65
Werdnig-Hoffman disease
autosomal recessive congenital degeneration of anterior horns of spinal cord. LMN lesion only. "floppy baby". looks like polio but is symmetric weakness
66
Friedrich's Ataxia
trinucleotide expansion of GAA, autosomal recessive. Frataxin gene- mitochondrial dysfunction "Fred is Fratastic: he is your favorite FRAT bro always *staggering* and *falling* but he has a SWEET, BIG heart"

need to knows (31 decks)

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