Neurology & Neurosurgery Flashcards
(15 cards)
appendicular ataxia - define
jerky, uncoordinated movements of the limbs
as though each muscle working independently
truncal ataxia - define
postural + gait instability
wide-based gait
inconsistent foot positioning
ataxia - define
gross incoordination of muscle movements
hypometria - define
shorter protraction of gait
hypermetria - define
longer protraction of gait
dysmetria - define
power + speed of action impaired
combination of hypo + hypermetria
parts of the vestibular apparatus
vestibular nuclei
vestibular portion of VIII
vestibular receptors
vestibular apparatus dysfunction - clinical signs
head tilt leaning, falling/rolling to one side abnormal nystagmus positional strabismus normal/abnormal postural reactions
cerebellar dysfunction - clinical signs
wide-base stance
intention tremors - head
loss of balance + truncal sway
delayed onset + dysmetric hopping
ipsilateral menace deficits with normal vision
no limb paresis or conscious proprioception deficits
pendular nystagmus
test for vestibular system
occulovestibular reflex
inputs to the vestibular nuclei
cerebellum - inhibitory
spinal cord
pontine reticular formation
contra-lateral vestibular nuclei
Horner’s syndrome - clinical signs
enophthalmos third eyelid protrusion ptosis miosis (congested vessels)
bilateral vestibular - clinical signs
no nystagmus
no occulovestibular respsonse
head swaying left to right
cerebellum - function
maintenance of equilibrium
regulate muscle tone
coordinate movement
cerebellar syndrome
spastic, dys/hypermetric ataxia
intention tremor
ipsilateral menace deficit + normal vision
broad based stance
postural reaction delayed + exaggerated response
