Principles of Spinal disease

Question 1

Sensory (proprioceptive) tracts - position in the spinal cord

Answer 1

dorsal + lateral funiculi

ipsilateral

Question 2

damage to sensory tracts causes…

Answer 2

ataxia

Question 3

UMN tracts - position in the spinal cord

Answer 3

lateral + ventral funiculi

ipsilateral

Question 4

LMN cell bodies - position in the spinal cord

Answer 4

ventral grey horn matter

ipsilateral

Question 5

damage to UMN tract or LMN cell bodies causes…

Answer 5

paresis

Question 6

which section of spine innervates the thoracic limb

Answer 6

C6-T2

Question 7

which section of spine innervates the pelvic limb

Answer 7

L4-S3

Question 8

sensory ataxia - define

Answer 8

loss of sense of limb/body proprioception

Question 9

sensory ataxia - gait abnormalities

Answer 9

wide based stance
incr stride length
swaying/floating
knuckling

Question 10

paresis - define

Answer 10

decr voluntary movement

Question 11

what also to assess with paresis

Answer 11

postural reactions
spinal reflexes
muscle tone

Question 12

LMN paresis - effect on muscle tone

Answer 12

decr in limbs with reflex arc containing the lesion

Question 13

LMN paresis - effect on spinal reflexes

Answer 13

decr to absent in limbs with reflex arc containing the

lesion

Question 14

LMN paresis - stride

Answer 14

normal/decr length
stiff
“bunny-hopping”

Question 15

effects of UMN lesions

Answer 15

paresis/paralysis

disinhibition of LMN

Question 16

UMN paresis - effect on muscle tone

Answer 16

normal/incr in limbs caudal to the lesion

Question 17

UMN paresis - effect on spinal reflexes

Answer 17

normal/incr in limbs caudal to the lesion

Question 18

UMN paresis - stride

Answer 18

normal/incr length

spasticity

Question 19

UMN paresis - ataxia

Answer 19

swaying/”floating” gait

knuckling

Question 20

-plegia - define

Answer 20

absence of voluntary movement

Question 21

C6-T2 lesion - nerves affected

Answer 21

LMN of thoracic limb
UMN of pelvic limb
tetraparetic

Question 22

C1-C5 lesion - nerves affected

Answer 22

UMN of all limbs

Question 23

other causes of tetraparesis

Answer 23

LMN lesions in thoracic and pelvic limbs

brain lesion

Question 24

extrinsic myelopathies - define

Answer 24

lesion outside the spinal cord

can be extra or intradural

Question 25

intrinsic myelopathies - define

Answer 25

lesion inside the spinal cord | can be focal or diffuse

Question 26

with increasing severity in which order are senses lost

Answer 26

proprioception first, movement next (paresis then plegia), nociception last (superficial the deep pain last)

Question 27

nociception - define

Answer 27

conscious perception of pain superficial - skin deep - bone

Question 28

does limb withdrawal show pain perception

Answer 28

nope

Question 29

DAMNITV

Answer 29

``` Degenerative Anomalous Metabolic Neoplastic, nutritional Infectious, infl, idiopathic Traumatic, toxic Vascular ```

Question 30

5 point plan

Answer 30

``` onset progression localization symmetry pain ```

Question 31

where aren't there pain receptors in the spine

Answer 31

the spinal cord