Neuromuscular system Flashcards
(33 cards)
1
Q
neuromuscular system
A
- where the nervous system and the muscles work together to allow movement
- changes take place during and after exercise - prepare the bodys
- sympathetic and parasympathatic are part of peropheral nervous system
2
Q
sympathetic nervous system
A
prepares the body for exercise and fight or flight response
3
Q
parasympathtic nervous system
A
relaxes the body and slows down the high energy functions
4
Q
muscles fibres
A
- slow twitch muscle fibres (slow oxidative) - type 1
- fast twitch muscle fibres (as a whole)
- fast twitch type 2a (oxidative glycolytic)
- fast twitch type 2x (glycolytic)
5
Q
slow twitch muscle fibres (slow oxidative) - type 1
A
- aerobic exercise
- use oxygen to produce small amounts of tension over long periods
- resistant to fatugue
- endurance athletes have a high percentage
6
Q
fast twitch muscles fibres
A
- type 2a and 2x
- anaerobic exercise
- produces larges amount of force in short time
- fatigue easily
- power athletes have a high percentage
7
Q
fast twitch type 2a - oxidative glycolytic
A
- fibres most resistant to fatigue
- longer burst of energy
- 1500m runner
8
Q
fast twitch type 2x - glycolytic
A
- fibres fatigue much quicker
- high explosive short events
- 100m runner
- quick , short bursts of energy
9
Q
effects of training on fibre tissues
A
- hypertrophy
- some become stronger than others
10
Q
fibre sizes
structual difference - muscle fibres
A
- slow twitch - small
- fast twitch type 2a - large
- fast twitch type 2x - large
11
Q
number of mitrochondria
structual difference - muscle fibres
A
- slow twitch - large
- fast twitch type 2a - moderate
- fast twitch type 2x - small
12
Q
number of capilaries
structual difference - muscle fibres
A
- slow twitch - large
- fast twitch type 2a - moderate
- fats twitch type 2x - small
13
Q
myoglobin content
structual difference - muscle fibres
A
- slow twitch - high
- fast twitch type 2a - moderate
- fast twitch type 2x - low
14
Q
pc stores
structual difference - muscle fibres
A
- slow twitch - low
- fast twitch type 2a - high
- fast twitch type 2x - high
15
Q
glycogen store
structual difference - muscle fibres
A
- slow twitch - low
- fast twitch type 2a - high
- fast twitch type 2x - high
16
Q
triglyceride stores
structual difference - muscle fibres
A
- slow twitch - high
- fast twitch type 2a - moderate
- fast twitch type 2x - low
17
Q
speed of contraction
functional difference - muscle fibres
A
- slow twitch - slow
- fast twitch type 2a - fast
- fast twitch type 2x - fastest
18
Q
force of contraction
functional difference - muscle fibres
A
- slow twitch - low
- fast twitch type 2a - high
- fast twitch type 2x - highest
19
Q
resistance to fatigue
functional difference - muscle fibres
A
- slow twitch - high
- fast twitch type 2a - low
- fast twitch type 2x - lowest
20
Q
aerobic capacity
functional difference - muscle fibres
A
- slow twitch - high
- fast twitch type 2a - low
- fast twitch type 2x - lowest
21
Q
anaerobic capacity
functional difference - muscle fibres
A
- slow twitch - low
- fast twitch type 2a - high
- fast twitch type 2x - highest
22
Q
a motor unit
A
- muscle fibres are grouped together into motor units
- consists of a motor neuron and its muscles fibres
- motor neurons transmits the nerve impulse to the muscle fibres
- each motor neurone has branches that end in the neuromuscluar junction
23
Q
slow and fast twitch motor units
A
- motor units contain the same type of muscle fibres - either fast or slow
- low intensity (jogging) - brain will recruit slow twitch
- strong force of contraction (sprinting) - fats twitch fibres are recruited
24
Q
the all or none law
A
- once the motor neuron stimulates the muscle fibres, either all of them contract or none of them do
- threshold - the minimum amount of stimulation required to start a contraction
- if the sequence of impusles is equal to or greater than the threshold - all muscles fibres contract
- if less than - no muscle fibres contract
25
how to increase/decrease the strength of contraction
* mutiple unit summation
* wave summation
* tetanus/tetanic
* spatial summation
26
multiple unit summation
| how to increase/decrease the strength of contraction
* number of units recruited/more or less
* the strenght of the contraction changed by altering the number and size of muscle fibres - fast twitch instead of slow twitch
* all or none law
27
wave summation
| how to increase/decrease the strength of contraction
* where there is repeated nerve impulse with no time to relax
* smooth, sustained contractions occur rather than twitches
* motor units are unable to relax/increase the force
* tetanic contraction - sustained muscle contractions caused by a series of fast reapeating stimulo
28
tetanus/tetanic - links to wave summation
| how to increase/decrease the strength of contraction
* muscle spindles detect change in muscle length
* sends infomtion to the CNS/brain
* compares infomation to long term memory to ensure correct force is applied
29
spatial summation
| how to increase/decrease the strength of contraction
* by addition of impulses recieved at different places on the neuron
* by sending impulses to different places on the neuron - enables the frequency of impluse
* roating the frequency of the impulse to the motor units to delay fatigue
30
PNF (proprioceptive neuronmuscular faciliation)
* muscle actions have to be controlled to be effective
* use proprioceptors
31
proprioceptors characteristics
* infrom the body to what extent of movement has taken place
* muscles spindles
* golgi tendon oragns
32
muscle spindles
| proprioceptors characteristics
* very sensitive - lie between skeletal muscles fibres
* provides excitatory signals to CNS - how far and fast the muscles should stretch
* CNS sends the impulse back to the muscles telling them to contract
* this reflex then causes the muscles to contract to prevent overstretching
33
golgi tendon organs
| proprioceptors characteristics
* found between muscle fibres and tendons
* detect levels of tension in the muscles
* isometrically - detect the increase in muscle tension and sends inhibitory signals to brain
* autogenic inhibitions - allow antagonist muscles to relax and lengthen
