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pe section A p1 > Neuromuscular system > Flashcards

Neuromuscular system Flashcards

1
Q

neuromuscular system

A
  • where the nervous system and the muscles work together to allow movement
  • changes take place during and after exercise - prepare the bodys
  • sympathetic and parasympathatic are part of peropheral nervous system
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2
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

prepares the body for exercise and fight or flight response

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3
Q

parasympathtic nervous system

A

relaxes the body and slows down the high energy functions

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4
Q

muscles fibres

A
  • slow twitch muscle fibres (slow oxidative) - type 1
  • fast twitch muscle fibres (as a whole)
  • fast twitch type 2a (oxidative glycolytic)
  • fast twitch type 2x (glycolytic)
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5
Q

slow twitch muscle fibres (slow oxidative) - type 1

A
  • aerobic exercise
  • use oxygen to produce small amounts of tension over long periods
  • resistant to fatugue
  • endurance athletes have a high percentage
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6
Q

fast twitch muscles fibres

A
  • type 2a and 2x
  • anaerobic exercise
  • produces larges amount of force in short time
  • fatigue easily
  • power athletes have a high percentage
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7
Q

fast twitch type 2a - oxidative glycolytic

A
  • fibres most resistant to fatigue
  • longer burst of energy
  • 1500m runner
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8
Q

fast twitch type 2x - glycolytic

A
  • fibres fatigue much quicker
  • high explosive short events
  • 100m runner
  • quick , short bursts of energy
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9
Q

effects of training on fibre tissues

A
  • hypertrophy
  • some become stronger than others
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10
Q

fibre sizes

structual difference - muscle fibres

A
  • slow twitch - small
  • fast twitch type 2a - large
  • fast twitch type 2x - large
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11
Q

number of mitrochondria

structual difference - muscle fibres

A
  • slow twitch - large
  • fast twitch type 2a - moderate
  • fast twitch type 2x - small
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12
Q

number of capilaries

structual difference - muscle fibres

A
  • slow twitch - large
  • fast twitch type 2a - moderate
  • fats twitch type 2x - small
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13
Q

myoglobin content

structual difference - muscle fibres

A
  • slow twitch - high
  • fast twitch type 2a - moderate
  • fast twitch type 2x - low
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14
Q

pc stores

structual difference - muscle fibres

A
  • slow twitch - low
  • fast twitch type 2a - high
  • fast twitch type 2x - high
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15
Q

glycogen store

structual difference - muscle fibres

A
  • slow twitch - low
  • fast twitch type 2a - high
  • fast twitch type 2x - high
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16
Q

triglyceride stores

structual difference - muscle fibres

A
  • slow twitch - high
  • fast twitch type 2a - moderate
  • fast twitch type 2x - low
17
Q

speed of contraction

functional difference - muscle fibres

A
  • slow twitch - slow
  • fast twitch type 2a - fast
  • fast twitch type 2x - fastest
18
Q

force of contraction

functional difference - muscle fibres

A
  • slow twitch - low
  • fast twitch type 2a - high
  • fast twitch type 2x - highest
19
Q

resistance to fatigue

functional difference - muscle fibres

A
  • slow twitch - high
  • fast twitch type 2a - low
  • fast twitch type 2x - lowest
20
Q

aerobic capacity

functional difference - muscle fibres

A
  • slow twitch - high
  • fast twitch type 2a - low
  • fast twitch type 2x - lowest
21
Q

anaerobic capacity

functional difference - muscle fibres

A
  • slow twitch - low
  • fast twitch type 2a - high
  • fast twitch type 2x - highest
22
Q

a motor unit

A
  • muscle fibres are grouped together into motor units
  • consists of a motor neuron and its muscles fibres
  • motor neurons transmits the nerve impulse to the muscle fibres
  • each motor neurone has branches that end in the neuromuscluar junction
23
Q

slow and fast twitch motor units

A
  • motor units contain the same type of muscle fibres - either fast or slow
  • low intensity (jogging) - brain will recruit slow twitch
  • strong force of contraction (sprinting) - fats twitch fibres are recruited
24
Q

the all or none law

A
  • once the motor neuron stimulates the muscle fibres, either all of them contract or none of them do
  • threshold - the minimum amount of stimulation required to start a contraction
  • if the sequence of impusles is equal to or greater than the threshold - all muscles fibres contract
  • if less than - no muscle fibres contract
25
Q

how to increase/decrease the strength of contraction

A
  • mutiple unit summation
  • wave summation
  • tetanus/tetanic
  • spatial summation
26
Q

multiple unit summation

how to increase/decrease the strength of contraction

A
  • number of units recruited/more or less
  • the strenght of the contraction changed by altering the number and size of muscle fibres - fast twitch instead of slow twitch
  • all or none law
27
Q

wave summation

how to increase/decrease the strength of contraction

A
  • where there is repeated nerve impulse with no time to relax
  • smooth, sustained contractions occur rather than twitches
  • motor units are unable to relax/increase the force
  • tetanic contraction - sustained muscle contractions caused by a series of fast reapeating stimulo
28
Q

tetanus/tetanic - links to wave summation

how to increase/decrease the strength of contraction

A
  • muscle spindles detect change in muscle length
  • sends infomtion to the CNS/brain
  • compares infomation to long term memory to ensure correct force is applied
29
Q

spatial summation

how to increase/decrease the strength of contraction

A
  • by addition of impulses recieved at different places on the neuron
  • by sending impulses to different places on the neuron - enables the frequency of impluse
  • roating the frequency of the impulse to the motor units to delay fatigue
30
Q

PNF (proprioceptive neuronmuscular faciliation)

A
  • muscle actions have to be controlled to be effective
  • use proprioceptors
31
Q

proprioceptors characteristics

A
  • infrom the body to what extent of movement has taken place
  • muscles spindles
  • golgi tendon oragns
32
Q

muscle spindles

proprioceptors characteristics

A
  • very sensitive - lie between skeletal muscles fibres
  • provides excitatory signals to CNS - how far and fast the muscles should stretch
  • CNS sends the impulse back to the muscles telling them to contract
  • this reflex then causes the muscles to contract to prevent overstretching
33
Q

golgi tendon organs

proprioceptors characteristics

A
  • found between muscle fibres and tendons
  • detect levels of tension in the muscles
  • isometrically - detect the increase in muscle tension and sends inhibitory signals to brain
  • autogenic inhibitions - allow antagonist muscles to relax and lengthen

pe section A p1 (5 decks)

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